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1. Chemistry - chapter 4 > Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

what is organic chemistry

A

the study of compounds of carbon

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2
Q

properties of carbon

A

abundant, versatile, forms 4 covalent bonds

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3
Q

prefix for 1 carbon

A

meth-

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4
Q

prefix for carbon 2

A

eth-

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5
Q

prefix for carbon 3

A

prop

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6
Q

prefix for carbon 4

A

but-

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7
Q

prefix for carbon 5

A

pent-

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8
Q

prefix for carbon 6

A

hex-

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9
Q

prefix for carbon 7

A

hept-

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10
Q

prefix for carbon 8

A

oct-

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11
Q

prefix for carbon 9

A

non-

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12
Q

prefix for carbon 10

A

dec-

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13
Q

alkanes

A

saturated hydrocarbons, all c-c bonds are single, each carbon forms four bonds

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14
Q

general formula alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

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15
Q

homologous series

A

group of components with similar structure, physical and chemical properties and a general formula

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16
Q

crude oil

A

naturally occuring fossil fuel produced from the effects of heat and pressure on fossil fuels trapped in the earths crust, buried beneath sediment

17
Q

how is crude oil prooduced

A

high temperatures cause the organic material to be converted into hydrocarbons, its transported to oil fields to refineries where is undergoes fractional distillation

18
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

the process where crude oil is seperated into its various components basedon boiling point

19
Q

what is complete combustion

A

the reaction between feul and oxygen producing carbon dioxide and water

20
Q

why are alkanes used as fuels

A

the complete combustion of them releases a significant amount oof energy

21
Q

semi structural formula

A

write the carbons and the hydrogens coming of it/bonded to it in the order of the longest chain of carbons, place functional groups in brackets

22
Q

skeletal structure

A

ends are verticies/points that reepresent carbon atoms, lines represent covalent bonds, functional group bonnded to carbon is represented by a line pointingg in the same direction as the vertex, write chemical symbol at end of the line iiiif not hyydrogen

23
Q

what are structural isomers of alkanes

A

alkanes tthat have four or more carbon atoms and therefore have more than one possiblle structure

24
Q

structural isomers

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural arrangementc, the more atoms in a molecule the more possinle isomers

25
Q

linear chains

A

no side chains, just the one long carbon chain

26
Q

branched chains

A

when side chains are present on the carbon chain

27
Q

polarity of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

A

non-polar

28
Q

boiling point pattern in alkanes

A

as the number of carbons and molecules increases so does boiling point, linear chains have a higher boiling poiint

29
Q

why does the longer the chain/more carbons equal higher boiling point

A

there is a greater sttrengttth of dispersion forces

30
Q

why do linear chains have a higher boiling point

A

there is greater surface area of contact betwween molecules so stronger dispersion forces meaning more thermal energy is required to overcome intermolecular forces

31
Q

methane and ethane uses

A

abundant components of natural gas

32
Q

propane uses

A

stored in cylinders and used as feul for bbqs in the form of liquidified petroleum gas

33
Q

butane uses

A

used as a feul for portable stoves, found in liggghetres

34
Q

octane uses

A

petrol is primarily a mixture of alkanes ranging from 5-12 cqrbons

35
Q

how to name alkanes

A
  1. identify the longest unbranched carbon chain 2. number the carbons starting from the end closest to the branch 3. name the side branches and main chain 4. place the number and position of alkyl group at the beginning of the compounds name
36
Q

things to remeber when naming hydrocarbons

A

comma between numbers and numbers, dash between numbers and words, side chain named in alphabetical order, if 2/3/4 identical side chains are present use prefix di/tri/tetra

37
Q
A

1. Chemistry - chapter 4 (7 decks)

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