Hydrocarbons

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

the study of compounds of carbon

Question 2

properties of carbon

Answer 2

abundant, versatile, forms 4 covalent bonds

Question 3

prefix for 1 carbon

Answer 3

meth-

Question 4

prefix for carbon 2

Answer 4

eth-

Question 5

prefix for carbon 3

Answer 5

prop

Question 6

prefix for carbon 4

Answer 6

but-

Question 7

prefix for carbon 5

Answer 7

pent-

Question 8

prefix for carbon 6

Answer 8

hex-

Question 9

prefix for carbon 7

Answer 9

hept-

Question 10

prefix for carbon 8

Answer 10

oct-

Question 11

prefix for carbon 9

Answer 11

non-

Question 12

prefix for carbon 10

Answer 12

dec-

Question 13

alkanes

Answer 13

saturated hydrocarbons, all c-c bonds are single, each carbon forms four bonds

Question 14

general formula alkanes

Answer 14

Cn H2n+2

Question 15

homologous series

Answer 15

group of components with similar structure, physical and chemical properties and a general formula

Question 16

crude oil

Answer 16

naturally occuring fossil fuel produced from the effects of heat and pressure on fossil fuels trapped in the earths crust, buried beneath sediment

Question 17

how is crude oil prooduced

Answer 17

high temperatures cause the organic material to be converted into hydrocarbons, its transported to oil fields to refineries where is undergoes fractional distillation

Question 18

what is fractional distillation

Answer 18

the process where crude oil is seperated into its various components basedon boiling point

Question 19

what is complete combustion

Answer 19

the reaction between feul and oxygen producing carbon dioxide and water

Question 20

why are alkanes used as fuels

Answer 20

the complete combustion of them releases a significant amount oof energy

Question 21

semi structural formula

Answer 21

write the carbons and the hydrogens coming of it/bonded to it in the order of the longest chain of carbons, place functional groups in brackets

Question 22

skeletal structure

Answer 22

ends are verticies/points that reepresent carbon atoms, lines represent covalent bonds, functional group bonnded to carbon is represented by a line pointingg in the same direction as the vertex, write chemical symbol at end of the line iiiif not hyydrogen

Question 23

what are structural isomers of alkanes

Answer 23

alkanes tthat have four or more carbon atoms and therefore have more than one possiblle structure

Question 24

structural isomers

Answer 24

molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural arrangementc, the more atoms in a molecule the more possinle isomers

Question 25

linear chains

Answer 25

no side chains, just the one long carbon chain

Question 26

branched chains

Answer 26

when side chains are present on the carbon chain

Question 27

polarity of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

Answer 27

non-polar

Question 28

boiling point pattern in alkanes

Answer 28

as the number of carbons and molecules increases so does boiling point, linear chains have a higher boiling poiint

Question 29

why does the longer the chain/more carbons equal higher boiling point

Answer 29

there is a greater sttrengttth of dispersion forces

Question 30

why do linear chains have a higher boiling point

Answer 30

there is greater surface area of contact betwween molecules so stronger dispersion forces meaning more thermal energy is required to overcome intermolecular forces

Question 31

methane and ethane uses

Answer 31

abundant components of natural gas

Question 32

propane uses

Answer 32

stored in cylinders and used as feul for bbqs in the form of liquidified petroleum gas

Question 33

butane uses

Answer 33

used as a feul for portable stoves, found in liggghetres

Question 34

octane uses

Answer 34

petrol is primarily a mixture of alkanes ranging from 5-12 cqrbons

Question 35

how to name alkanes

Answer 35

1. identify the longest unbranched carbon chain 2. number the carbons starting from the end closest to the branch 3. name the side branches and main chain 4. place the number and position of alkyl group at the beginning of the compounds name

Question 36

things to remeber when naming hydrocarbons

Answer 36

comma between numbers and numbers, dash between numbers and words, side chain named in alphabetical order, if 2/3/4 identical side chains are present use prefix di/tri/tetra