Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Compound that contains only carbon atoms and
hydrogen atoms

Question 2

SATURATED HYDROCARBON

Answer 2

Hydrocarbon in which all carbon-carbon bonds
are single bonds
● Simplest type of organic compound, no
complexity

Question 3

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon in which one or more
carbon-carbon multiple bonds

Question 4

(SATURATED HYDROCARBON)

ALKANES/PARAFFINS

Answer 4

CnH2n+2
, where n = no. of carbon atoms present
Aliphatic compounds
Only saturated hydrocarbon that only contains
carbon-carbon single bonds

Question 5

STRAIGHT-CHAIN ALKANES / CONTINUOUS CHAIN

Answer 5

Alkanes in which all carbon atoms are connected
in continuous, non-branching chains No substituents

Question 6

BRANCHED ALKANES

Answer 6

Alkanes in which one or more branches of
carbon atoms are attached to your straight chain
or continuous chain of carbon atoms

Question 7

CYCLIC ALKANES

Answer 7

These are saturated hydrocarbons that have at
least one ring of carbon atoms
● It forms a cyclic structure

Question 8

IUPAC

Answer 8

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 9

IUPAC Rules

Answer 9

Formal systematic rules exist for generating
names for organic compounds
● The basis for naming compounds

Question 11

Substituent

Answer 11

Atom or group of atoms attached to a chain (or
ring) of carbon atoms

Question 12

ALKYL GROUP

Answer 12

Group of atoms that would be obtained by
removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane

Question 13

Why is hydrogen removed from Alkyl Group?

Answer 13

Hydrogen atoms are removed for a carbon atom
to bond or attach to the continuous chain.

Question 14

N-ALKANES

Answer 14

Normal alkanes
Alkanes with carbon chains that are unbranched;
straight chain alkanes
Example: N-Pentane

Question 15

Methane

Answer 15

simplest alkane as it only has 1
carbon atom

Question 16

NAMING OF ALKANES

Question 17

NAMING OF ALKANES

RULE 1

Answer 17

Identify the longest continuous carbon chain

Question 18

NAMING OF ALKANES

RULE 2

Answer 18

Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain from the
end of the chain nearest a substituent

Question 19

NAMING OF ALKANES

RULE 3

Answer 19

If only one alkyl group is present, name and locate it (by

Question 20

NAMING OF ALKANES

RULE 4

Answer 20

If two or more of the same kind of alkyl group are present
in a molecule, indicate the number with a Greek
numerical prefix

Question 21

NAMING OF ALKANES

RULE 5

Answer 21

When two kinds of alkyl groups are present on the same
carbon chain, number each group separately, and list the
names of the alkyl groups in alphabetical order.

Question 22

Substitution reaction

Answer 22

Chemical reaction in which part of a
small reacting molecule replaces an
atom or a group of atoms on a
hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Question 23

COMBUSTION

Answer 23

Chemical reaction between a substance and
oxygen (usually from air) that proceeds with the
evolution of heat and light (usually as flame)

Question 24

NAMING OF ALKANES

Rule 6

Answer 24

follow IUPAC punctuation rules

Question 25

CYCLOALKANE

Answer 25

Saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms
connected to one another in a cyclic (ring)
arrangement are present

Question 26

NAMING OF CYCLOALKANES

Rule 1

Answer 26

If one substituent ring, no need to locate by number

Question 27

NAMING OF CYCLOALKANES

Rule 2

Answer 27

When two ring substituents are present, numbering them higher alphabetical that gives substituent the lower number

Question 28

What are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Answer 28

Alkanes and cycloalkanes

Question 29

Alkanes are non polar while water are?

Answer 29

Polar making them a good preservative for metals

Question 30

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes density:

Water density:

Answer 30

0.6-0.8 g/mL

Water: 1.0 g/mL