Hydrocarbons Flashcards
What are crude oils
Oils that contain lots of hydrocarbons, and can be separated using fractional distillation, non renewable fossil fuels
What is the use for gases?
Domestic heating
What is the use for petrol
Fuel for cars
What is the use for Kerosene
Fuel for aircrafts
What is the use for Diesel oil
Fuel for trains
What is the use for Fuel oil
Fuel for large ships
What is the use for Bitumen
Surfacing for roads
What is cracking
It is the breakdown of large hydrocarbons into small and more useful alkenes and alkanes
What is the formula for an Alkene
CnH2n
What is the formula for an Alkane
CnH2n+2
How does CO2 effect rain
Carbon dioxide forms an acidic solution with water, Acid rain has a pH of lower than 5.2
How do you test for water
Using white Anhydrous copper sulfate in a u-shaped tube, will turn a blue colour if present
What happens when there is limited oxygen in combustion
Makes combustion incomplete, causing the formation of Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide and water
What are the problems with incomplete combustion
Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells preventing oxygen converting, which can cause sickness and fainting
What is a hydrocarbon
molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon only
Why do hydrocarbons make for good fuels
When burned they give lots of energy
What happens in combustion
A fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
What is the order in partice size of Fractions, smallest to biggest
Gas, Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel, Bitumen
If a Fraction has larger molecules, what else will be higher/ more difficult
the more partciles/molecules there are the higher the boiling point and the more difficult it is to ignite
Why is Triacontane (C30H62) further down the the fractioning column then Heptane (C7H16)
The further down it is collected the higher the boiling point
Triacontane has a high boiling point
Triacontane chain is longer so the intermolecular forces are stronger which means more energy is required to break the intermolecular forces
This makes Triacontane have a higher boiling point making it be collected lower
negatives of acid rain
Damage to animals, land, damages lakes which can kill ecosystems, trees could die, corrosion of metals, damage to limestone buildings
How do cars produce nitrogen oxide
Nitrogen reacts with oxygen and due to high temperature from combustion, nitrogen oxide is formed
What are some advantages of using hydrogen compared to fossil fuels
Doesn’t produce CO2
Doesn’t produce Carbon monoxide
renewable,
Doesn’t produce soot
What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes
Alkanes have a single covalent bond/ saturated
where as Alkenes have a double covalent bond/unsaturated
(More reactive, decolours bromine to make it colourless from orange) (Can be added together to make polymers)
