hydrocarbon Flashcards
what is the other name for alkanes
saturated open chain compunds,parafins beecause they are inert
are alkanes acidid?
no, they are inert so they dot react with acids or bases
which bond is longer C-C or C-H
C-C(154) C-H(112)
which isomers show difference in property
structural
quarternaery carbon atom is alos called
neo carbon atom
alkenes and alkynes to alkanes
hydrogen gas with Ni,Pd,Pt
alkyl halides to alkanes
Zn with H+ and wurtz reaction
carboxylic acid to alkanes
decarboxylation(NaOH+CaO),kolbes electrolysis
kolbes electrolysis
NaOH electrolyisi product formed at cathode and is free radical
what is petrol
a mkxture of hydrocarbon
states of alkanes
C1-C4 are gases,C5-C17 are liquids and rest are solids
why does BP increase as mass increase
because surface area increases and and BP decrease when branching increase
brief on substitution of alkanes
at higher temp,electricty or light one H atom is replacd,(lower alkanes do not undergo nitration or sulphonation
reaction rate of substitution
tertiary >secondary>primary, F>Cl>Br>I
other names foe alkene
olefins
which geometrical isomer has higher boiling point
trans isomer and cis has higher melting point
preparation from alkynes
poisoned palladium(lindlars catalyst)
what is poisoned palladium
to undergo half reduction palladium is treated with sulphur,quinoline or charcoal
effect of lindlars reagent
gives cis alkene
how to get trans alkene
treat alkyne with sodium in liquid ammonia
example for Beta elimination
dehydrohalogenation,acidic dehyration of alcohols
rate of elimination
tertiary>secondary>primary and I2>Br2>Cl2
what are vic and gem dihalides
halogen adjacent carbon atom-vic and halogens on same carbon atom-gem
what is dehalogenation
when vic dihalides are treated with Zn/acetone alkenes are formed
