Hydro power

Question 0

what is hydrologic cycle

Answer 0

creation of water via volcanic activity

Question 1

Name hydrologic processes

Answer 1

evaporation
condensation
precipitation

Question 2

energy conversion

Answer 2

potential energy

kinetic energy

Question 3

potential energy

what is it?

Answer 3

stored energy in reservoir water

Question 4

kinetic energy

what is it?

Answer 4

water through penstock

Question 5

components of a hydro plant

what are they?

Answer 5

dam(reservoir)
intake (control gate, penstock)
turbine(shaft)
generators (ac current) magnet and coil

Question 6

what is the relationship bet. head and flow?

Answer 6

power is proportional to head and flow

Question 7

how is electric current generated?

Answer 7

magnetic field between coil and magnets

Question 8

types of systems

Answer 8

impoundment dam (no return)
diversion or run off river systems - Tazimina, Alaska
pumped storage- 2 way flow

Question 9

pumped storage plant

Answer 9

upper reservoir

lower reservoir

Question 10

classification of hydro turbines?

Answer 10

reaction turbines

impulse turbines

Question 11

reaction turbines

Answer 11

derive power from pressure drop across turbine

totally immersed in water

Question 12

impulse turbines

Answer 12

convert kinetic energy of water hitting buckets

no pressure drop across turbines

Question 13

turbine design ranges

Answer 13

H is head in meters

Question 14

hydropower calculations

Answer 14

P= g x n x Q x H

P is power in kilowatts
G is gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/s2
n is turb genererator efficiency ( bet 0 and 1)
Q is quantity of water flower flowing m3 per sec
H is effective Head (m)

Question 15

advantages of hydro power

Answer 15

inexhaustible fuel source

minimal environmental impact

Question 16

problems with hydro power

Answer 16

changes water quality
- inc water temp
loss of oxygen content
silt (sand, silt, clay in streams)
inc in P and N content
onstruction of the river for fish
breeding area for mosquitoes
danger of dam ruptures