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HGE Terms (RI Refresher) > Hydraulics Objective Questions > Flashcards

Hydraulics Objective Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid is a substance that

A

cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force

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2
Q

Density of water is maximum at

A

4 degrees Celsius

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3
Q

Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are attracted is called

A

cohesion

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4
Q

Property of a fluid by which molecules of different kinds are attracted to each other is called

A

adhesion

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5
Q

The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all direction at a point only if

A

it is at rest

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6
Q

Specific weight of sea water is more that of pure water because it contains

A

dissolved air, dissolved salt, and suspended matter

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7
Q

Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to force of

A

surface tension

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8
Q

A liquid would wet the solid, if adhesion forces, as compared to cohesion forces are

A

more

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9
Q

Barometer is used to measure

A

atmospheric pressure

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10
Q

Manometer is used to measure

A

pressure in pipes, channels etc

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11
Q

If cohesion between molecules of a liquid is greater than adhesion between fluid and glass, then the free level of fluid in a dipped glass tube will be

A

lower than the surface of a liquid

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12
Q

When a fluid is subjected to resistance, it undergoes a volumetric change due to

A

compressibility

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13
Q

Liquids transmit pressure equally in all the directions. This is according to

A

Pascal’s Law

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14
Q

The rise or depression of a liquid in a tube due to surface tension with an increase in size of tube will

A

decrease

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15
Q

Mercury is often used in barometer because

A

(1) the height of barometer will be less (2) its vapor pressure is so low that it may be neglected

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16
Q

The point in the immersed body through which the resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to act is known as

A

center of pressure

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17
Q

Which of the following is the correct relation between centroid (cg) and the center of pressure (cp) of a plane submerged in a liquid?

A

cp is either at cg or below it

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18
Q

The total pressure force on a plane area is equal to the area multiplied by the intensity of pressure at the centroid, if

A

(1) the area is horizontal, (2) the area is vertical, (3) the area is inclined

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19
Q

Choose the wrong statement (1) The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is equal to the normal force on the vertical projection of the surface, (2) The horizontal component acts through the center of pressure for the vertical projection, (3) The vertical component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid above the area, (4) The vertical component passes through the center of pressure of the volume

A

Statement 4 is the wrong statement (Explanation: The statement is wrong because the “center of pressure” is typically associated with the resultant of a pressure distribution acting on a surface (like a submerged surface in a fluid), not a volume.)

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20
Q

Center of pressure on an inclined plane is

A

below the centroid

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21
Q

Can the center of pressure for a vertical plane submerged surface ever be above the center of gravity?

A

No

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22
Q

In a vertically submerged plane surface, pressure at every point remains the same.

A

False

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23
Q

For an inclined plate, the pressure intensity at every point differs

A

True

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24
Q

The magnitude of total pressure and center of pressure is independent on the shape of the submerged plane surface.

A

False

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25
Q

What is the variation of total pressure with depth for any submerged surface if we neglect variation in the density?

A

Linear

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26
Q

The resultant upward pressure of a fluid on a floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This definition is according to

A

Archimedes’ Principle

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27
Q

The resultant upward pressure of the fluid on an immersed body is called

A

buoyant force

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28
Q

What is the principal cause of action of buoyant force on a body submerged partially or fully in fluid?

A

Displacement of fluid due to submerged body

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29
Q

The center of gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced by an immersed body is called

A

center of buoyancy

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30
Q

The horizontal component of buoyant force is

A

zero

31
Q

The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the

A

centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

32
Q

Choose the wrong statement (1) Any weight, floating or immersed in a liquid, is acted upon by a buoyant force, (2) Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced, (3) The point through which buoyant force acts, is called the center of buoyancy, (4) Center of buoyancy is located above the center of gravity of the displaced liquid.

A

Statement 4 is the wrong statement (Explanation: For a floating object: The center of buoyancy is always above the center of gravity of the object itself. This ensures that the object is stable and doesn’t tip over. For a submerged object: The center of buoyancy is always below the center of gravity of the object itself. This ensures that the object doesn’t rise to the surface. In summary, the center of buoyancy is always related to the center of gravity of the object, not the displaced liquid.)

33
Q

According to the principle of buoyancy, a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid will be lifted up by a force equal to

A

the weight of the fluid displaced by the body

34
Q

How can relatively denser objects be made to float on the less dense fluid?

A

by altering the shape (Explanation: By altering the shape of a denser object, we can increase its volume without significantly increasing its mass. This means the object will displace a larger volume of fluid, generating a greater buoyant force.)

35
Q

The conditions for the stable equilibrium of a floating body are

A

the metacenter should lie above the center of gravity, the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity must lie on the same vertical line, a righting couple should be formed

36
Q

Metacentric height is given as the distance between

A

the center of gravity of the body and the metacenter

37
Q

Metacenter is the point of intersection of

A

buoyant force and the centerline of body

38
Q

When a body floating in a liquid, is displaced slightly, it oscillates about

A

metacenter

39
Q

When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in

A

neutral equilibrium

40
Q

Energy gradient line takes into consideration

A

potential, kinetic and pressure heads

41
Q

Hydraulic gradient line takes into consideration

A

potential and pressure heads only

42
Q

Which of the following is true? (1) EGL always remains constant in the direction of flow (2) EGL always rises in the direction of flow (3) EGL always drops in the direction of flow (4) EGL may or may not change in the direction of flow

A

Statement 3 is true

43
Q

Which of the following is true? (1) HGL will never be under EGL (2) HGL will never be above EGL (3) HGL will never coincide with EGL (4) HGL will may or may not be above EGL

A

Statement 2 is true

44
Q

The vertical intercept between EGL and HGL is equal to

A

kinetic head

45
Q

The slope of HGL will be

A

equal than that of EGL for a pipe of uniform cross section

46
Q

Equation of continuity is based on the principle of conservation of

A

mass

47
Q

Bernoulli’s equation deals with the law of conservation of

A

energy

48
Q

All the terms of energy in Bernoulli’s equation have dimension of

A

length

49
Q

The losses of energy in pipes occurs due to

A

friction of surface, sudden enlargement or contraction of area, any obstruction in the path of flow

50
Q

The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to

A

friction

51
Q

Which one of the following is a major loss?

A

frictional loss

52
Q

Minor losses occur due to

A

sudden enlargement in the pipe, sudden contraction in the pipe, bends in pipe

53
Q

Minor losses do not make any serious effect in

A

long pipes

54
Q

In series pipe problems

A

the discharge is the same through each pipe

55
Q

Which of the following conditions is valid in the case of flow through parallel pipes?

A

The rate of discharge in the main line is equal to the sum of discharges in each of the parallel pipes

56
Q

Two pipe systems are said to be equivalent when

A

head loss and discharge are same in two systems

57
Q

The ratio of absolute viscosity to mass density is known as

A

kinematic viscosity

58
Q

The magnitude of water hammer effect in a pipe depends on

A

speed at which the valve is closed, length of the pipe, elastic properties of the pipe material

59
Q

The phenomenon of water hammer takes place in pipes

A

when fluid is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve

60
Q

Water hammer pressure can be considerably reduced using

A

slow closing valves

61
Q

The ratio of inertia force and gravitational force is called as ______

A

Froude’s number

62
Q

Which geometric parameter determines the efficiency of the channel?

A

Hydraulic radius

63
Q

For a channel to be economic, which of the following parameters should be minimum?

A

Wetted perimeter

64
Q

What is the depth of flow in case of the most economical circular section considering maximum velocity?

A

0.81D

65
Q

Differential manometer is used to measure

A

Difference of pressure between two points

66
Q

Non uniform flow occurs when

A

Velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change from point to point in the fluid flow

67
Q

When a tube of smaller diameter is dipped in water, the water rises in the tube with an upward __________ surface.

A

concave

68
Q

The tendency of a liquid surface to contract is due to the following property

A

Surface tension

69
Q

The pressure measured with the help of a pressure gauge is called

A

Gauge pressure

70
Q

Capillary action is due to the

A

surface tension, cohesion of the liquid, adhesion of the liquid molecules and the molecules on the surface of a solid

71
Q

The intensity of pressure on an immersed surface __________ with the increase in depth

A

Increases

72
Q

Free surface of a liquid behaves like a sheet and tends to contract to smallest possible area due to the

A

force of cohesion

73
Q

The hydraulic gradient line lies over the centerline of the pipe by an amount equal to the

A

pressure head

HGE Terms (RI Refresher) (3 decks)

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