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HGE Terms (RI Refresher) > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

Minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions etc. are commonly modeled as proportional to:

A

velocity head

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2
Q

The best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is:

A

b

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3
Q

When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called:

A

turbulent flow

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4
Q

Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time.

A

steady flow

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5
Q

Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section.

A

uniform flow

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6
Q

Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant.

A

laminar flow

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7
Q

Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same.

A

continuous flow

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8
Q

Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy is minimum.

A

critical flow

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9
Q

Type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another.

A

incompressible flow

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10
Q

Type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamline.

A

rotational flow

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11
Q

In a triangular channel section, the most economical section is achieved when each of its sloping sides make an angle of _____ with the vertical.

A

45 degrees

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12
Q

Where is the metacenter for stable equilibrium?

A

above the center of gravity

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13
Q

When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, then the body will be in?

A

unstable equilibrium

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14
Q

The metacentric height is the distance between the:

A

center of gravity of the floating body and the metacenter

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15
Q

The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called:

A

specific weight

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16
Q

A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) is referred to in hydraulics as:

A

water hammer

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17
Q

A type of shock where the flow undergoes a sudden transition from swift flow to tranquil flow.

A

hydraulic jump

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18
Q

A fluid property that measures the fluid’s resistance to shear stress.

A

viscosity

19
Q

The vena contracta of a circular orifice is approximately ___ diameter downstream from the inner face of the orifice plate.

A

1/2

20
Q

When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in:

A

neutral equilibrium

21
Q

speed of the pressure wave

A

celerity

22
Q

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A. Specific energy is the total energy above the floor of an open channel
B. For a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths
C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy
D. Critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1

A

Option C (Explanation: Velocity of flow is critical at minimum specific energy)

23
Q

All other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water hammer pressure can be reduced by

A. using pipe of greater diameter
B. using pipe of greater wall thickness
C. using a more elastic pipe
D. increasing the velocity of the pressure wave

A

Option A

24
Q

If a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will

A. rise and fall alternately on the front side of the tank
B. fall on the rear side of the tank
C. remain the same on both side of the tank
D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

A

Option D

25
Q

As the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure

A

comes closer to the center of gravity of the area

26
Q

In open channel, water flows under:

A

Pascal

27
Q

In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:

A

Bernoulli

28
Q

The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This principle is attributed to:

A

Boyle

29
Q

Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This principle is attributed to:

A

Archimedes

30
Q

A theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening.

A

Torricelli

31
Q

The continuity equation is based on the principle of:

A

Conservation of Mass

32
Q

The Bernoulli’s equation is based on the principle of:

A

Conservation of Energy

33
Q

When a valve is suddenly closed on a liquid flowing through a long pipe, the pressure wave of high intensity thus generated is known as:

A

Water Hammer

34
Q

Which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes?

A

Viscosity

35
Q

An open vessel of water is accelerated up an inclined plane. The free water surface will

A. be horizontal
B. make an angle in direction of inclination of inclined plane
C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane
D. any one of above is possible

A

Option C

36
Q

The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolletti weir?

A

1:4

37
Q

The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to

A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface
B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
C. product of pressure at its centroid and the area
D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area

A

Option B

38
Q

For the most economical trapezoidal open channel,

A. half of the top width must be equal to one of the sloping sides
B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow
C. the semicircle drawn with top width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel
D. All of these

A

Option D

39
Q

Gauge pressure is:
A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure
B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure
C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure
D. none of these

A

Option A

40
Q

In flow, the liquid particles may possess:

A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. pressure energy
D. all the above

A

Option D

41
Q

For most economical rectangular section of a channel, the depth is kept:
A. one-fourth of the width
B. three times the hydraulic radius
C. half the width
D. none of these

A

Option C

42
Q

Minimum specific energy of an open rectangular channel with critical depth dc.

A. (1/2)dc
C. (2/3)dc
B. (1/3)dc
D. (3/2)dc

A

Option D

43
Q

Which of the following statements are correct:

I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL
II. EGL slopes downward in the direction flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump
III. EGL is always above the HGL
IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal

A. I,II, and III only
B. II,III, and IV only
C. III and IV only
D. All of the above

A

Option B

44
Q

Steady

A

A type of flow where at any instant, the amount of fluid particles passing through a pipe section is constant

HGE Terms (RI Refresher) (3 decks)

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