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Aircraft Systems Basics > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

What is 1 bar in psi?

A

14.5

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2
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Pressure from exerted by static or almost static fluid.

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3
Q

What is hydrodynamic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by moving fluid.

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4
Q

When would a seal (o-ring) be used in a hydraulic system?

A

Places where different fluid pressures meet (I.e. filter housings)

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5
Q

What is the stages of operation for a hydraulic system? Also give examples of components that are found at each stage?

A

Storage (reservoir)
Pressurisation (pumps)
User (brakes, flight controls, landing gear)
Return to storage (return lines, case drain heat exchanger)

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6
Q

How many hydraulic systems are normally used on aircraft? Also how are they typically idented?

A

3 system- left, centre, right.

Idented by colours or numbers

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7
Q

What are the standard features of a reservoir?

A

Cylindrical shape
Resistant to pressure change
Head of pressure on fluid

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8
Q

Why is a head of pressure applied by the reservoir?

A

To ensure a positive flow of fluid in the system

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9
Q

Does multiple systems draw from the same reservoir?

A

No, they each have their own reservoir with the relevant capacity for that system

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10
Q

What are the subsystems under hydraulics?

A

Main hydraulics
Ram air turbine (RAT)
Hydraulic indicating
Ground servicing

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11
Q

What does the RAT provide for the hydraulic system?

A

Emergency power

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12
Q

What does the hydraulic indication system show in the flight deck?

A 
System pressure
Pump pressure
Reservoir pressure
Pump temperature 
Reservoir quantity
Valve positions
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13
Q

What type of pumps are the ACMP, ADP, and EDP?

A

ACMP- alternating current motor pump (electric)
ADP- air driven pump
EDP- engine driven pump

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14
Q

What important component will be fitted to the return lines of a hydraulic system and why?

A

Filters to catch any debris picked up from the user.

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15
Q

How many pumps are normally on the left and right systems?

A

1 EDP

1 ACMP

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16
Q

How many pumps does the centre hydraulic system?

A

2 ACMP

2 ADP

17
Q

Where are the heat exchangers typically located?

A

Left and right fuel tanks

18
Q

How does a heat exchanger work?

A

By running the return though the fuel tanks, the hot hydraulic fluid will be cooled by the surrounding cold fuel, while transferring some of it’s heat to the fuel to stop it from freezing

19
Q

How are hydraulic pressures and reservoir quantities displayed?

A

Pressure- psi

Quantity- percentage

20
Q

Which systems would typically power the normal and alternate braking?

A

Normal- right system

Alternate- centre

21
Q

Which system does the RAT act as an emergency source of pressure?

A

Centre

22
Q

Why is a baffle used in a reservoir?

A

To prevent upward motion of fluid at loss of altitude

To trap some hydraulic fluid at the bottom to ensure a positive fluid supply

23
Q

What can be prevented by pressurising the fluid in the reservoir?

A

Foaming, cavitation, and evaporation of the fluid

24
Q

What is an accumulator?

A

A part that stores potential energy in the form of compressed gas or spring.

25
Q

What are the 4 principles of accumulators?

A

Bladder (gas and fluid separated by diaphragm)
Spring loaded
Weight loaded (piston compress gas against a weight)
Piston type (2 pistons pushed together by fluid and gas)

26
Q

What are the main functions of a hydraulic actuator?

A 
Store energy
Absorb pulsation
Cushion operation shock
Maintain pressure 
Supplements pump delivery (back up source)
27
Q

When would auxiliary pressurisation be used?

A

To support the mains there is a higher demand
To replace the mains in an emergency
For maintenance purposes (I.e. testing)

28
Q

What are the sources for auxiliary pressure?

A

RAT
PTU
Electric pump
Ground source

29
Q

What is a PTU?

A

A mechanism that transfers hydraulic pressure between systems without transfers if any fluid

30
Q

How can the units in a PTU operate?

A

Pump or hydraulic motor

31
Q

What are the parts of a filter?

A

Filter head
Filter bowl
Filter element
Bypass

32
Q

What does a pop out indicator show?

A

That the filter bypass has been triggered by the differential pressure switch
The filter could be blocked

33
Q

What does a manifold/module do?

A

Combines the major distribution components together for easier maintenance. (Filters, valves, transmitters, etc.)

34
Q

What is the purpose of the priority valve?

A

To cut off less important users to cope with high demand situations (I.e. landing gear vs flight controls

Aircraft Systems Basics (5 decks)

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