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Hydraulics > Hydraulic Fundamentals > Flashcards

Hydraulic Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Working conductors carry ____ pump flow rate.

A

Full

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2
Q

Flexible hose is depicted graphically with an ____ line.

A

Arced

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3
Q

Pilot lines are ____-sensing lines that carry pressurized oil to operate system components.

A

Pressure

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4
Q

____ lines carry internal leakage oil from certain hydraulic components back to the reservoir.

A

Drain

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5
Q

Hydraulic motors convert ____ energy into rotational mechanical energy.

A

Hydraulic

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6
Q

Hydraulic cylinders that can be hydraulically actuated in one direction only are ____ cylinders.

A

Single-acting

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7
Q

Hydraulic cylinders that can be actuated in two directions are ____ cylinders.

A

Double-acting

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8
Q

Three major types of hydraulic valves are:

A

Pressure control valves
Flow control valves
Directional control vavles

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9
Q

An orifice is a ____ to oil flow.

A

Restriction

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10
Q

Filters remove ____ from hydraulic oil.

A

Contamination

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11
Q

Coolers remove ____ energy from the hydraulic oil.

A

Heat

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12
Q

Heat exchangers add ____ energy to the hydraulic oil.

A

Heat

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13
Q

Accumulators are installed in a hydraulic system to store ____ energy or to absorb ____.

A

Hydraulic

Shock

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14
Q

Avoid working in ____ points.

A

Pinch

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15
Q

Do not cut, heat, weld, solder or use a torch near ____ hydraulic lines.

A

Pressurized

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16
Q

An ________ is a device that converts hydraulic power into mechanical power.

A

Actuator.

Ex. Hydraulic motors, Cylinders.

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17
Q

____ ____ describes the volume of a fluid passing a given point in a given period of time.

A

Flow Rate.
Imperial system: Gallons Per Minute (GPM)
Metric system: Litres Per Minute (L/min)

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18
Q

The term ____ refers to any substance that flows.

A

Fluid.

Liquids & Gases are both fluids.

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19
Q

____ is described as a push or pull.

A

Force.
Imperial system: Pound (lb)
Metric system: Newton (N)

20
Q

__________ is the science that pertains to the transmission of force and/or motion through a fluid.

A

Hydraulics

21
Q

____________ is the area of hydraulics that pertains to the transmission of force and/or motion using liquid motion.

A

Hydrodynamics

Ex. Waterwheels, Hydroelectric Turbines, Etc.

22
Q

_____________ is the area of hydraulics that pertains to the transmission of force and/or motion using confined liquids.

A

Hydrostatics

Ex. Hydraulic Jacks, Power Steering, Etc.

23
Q

____ is the amount of material in an object.

A

Mass

24
Q

An _______ is a device used to provide a restriction to liquid flow. It creates a pressure drop.

A

Orifice

25
Q

_______ is the amount of work done in a given period of time.

A

Power
Imperial: Horsepower (hp)
Metric: Watt (W)

26
Q

_______ is defined as a force per unit area. This is caused by a resistance to liquid flow and is responsible for generating force.

A

Pressure
Imperial: pound per square inch (psi)
Metric: Newton per meter squared (Nm2, pascal)

27
Q

A ____ is a device that converts mechanical power into hydraulic power.

A

Pump

28
Q

______ is the absence of pressure.

A

Vacuum

29
Q

_________ describes the rate of motion (speed).

A

Velocity
Imperial: feet per second (ft/sec)
Metric: meters per second (m/sec)

30
Q

_________ is the internal capacity of space or chamber.

A

Volume

31
Q

____ is the product of force acting through a distance.

A

Work

32
Q

_____ are compressible and _______ resist compression.

A

Gases

Liquids

33
Q

Pressure applied to a confined liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions at right angles to all surfaces.

A

Pascal’s Law.

34
Q

The resistance to flow in a hydraulic system comes from which two sources?

A

Pressure Loss

The Load

35
Q

________ ____ is the pressure that is created by the resistance of system components.

A

Pressure Loss

36
Q

Pressure losses + Pressure required to overcome the load =

A

Total Pressure

37
Q

If the force applied to a surface area is doubled the pressure will:

A

Double

38
Q

If the surface area doubles and the applied force does not change the pressure will

A

be reduced by half.

39
Q

Double-acting Cylinders are used because they are able to:

A

Hydraulically extend and retract.

40
Q

Series Hydraulic Circuits offer ___ path for oil to flow.

A

one

41
Q

Parallel Hydraulic Circuits offer _______ path for oil to flow.

A

more than one

42
Q

The pressure created by the weight of a fluid is known as ____ ________.

A

Head Pressure

43
Q

Pressure that exists below atmospheric (14.7psi, 101.34kPa) is referred to as:

A

vacuum
partial vacuum
sub-atmospheric pressure

44
Q

The most common tool used to measure pressure is:

A

The Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge

45
Q

While Gauge Pressure (Psig) measurements ignore atmospheric pressure, ________ ________ measurements include it.

A

Absolute Pressure (Psia)

Hydraulics (4 decks)

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