Hydatid & Rabies

Question 1

What is hydatid disease

Answer 1

It is a parasitic zoonotic disease, resulting from the presence in liver, lungs or brain of “ Hydatid cysts “, the cysts of echinococcus.

Question 2

Reservoir of hydatid disease

Answer 2

🐶

Question 3

Agent factors for hydatid disease

Answer 3

Echinococcus (Tapeworm) 4- species are Identified:
* E. Granulosus: is for the most part of world. In man “ Infective larva” causes Hydatidosis, the Uni-locular type of Echinococcosis
* E. Multilocularis.
* E. Oligarthus
*E. Vogeli

Question 4

Host factors for hydatid disease

Answer 4

Age: acquired in child, but appears in adult
Incubation period: months to years
Occupation: cheapherds or dog owners

Question 5

Mode/route of transmission of hydatid disease

Answer 5

Eggs from infected dogs by ingestion or inhalation.

Unwashed vegetables

Note the human is blind end

Question 6

Control measures for hydatid disease

Answer 6

Health education
Treat the dogs and prevent them from gaining infection
Effective dog registration system
🙄

Or simply
Eliminate the stray dogs and reduce dog population

Question 7

Treatment of hydatid disease

Answer 7

Surgical removal of hydatid cysts

Question 8

What is rabies?

Answer 8

It is an acute fatal disease of the nervous system caused by Lyssa virus type 1.

Question 9

What type of prophylaxis is needed for rabies?

Answer 9

PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) following animal bites.

Question 10

Why are Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, and Japan free from rabies?

Answer 10

Because water is a natural barrier.

Question 11

How long must a country be free of indigenously acquired rabies to be considered rabies-free?

Answer 11

A country is supposed to be rabies free if no indigenously acquired rabies has occurred in any man or animal species for 2 years.

Question 12

What are the agent factors of rabies?

Answer 12

The virus is a bullet RNA rhabdovirus- serotype 1.

Question 13

What are the reservoirs and hosts of infection for rabies?

Answer 13

Dogs and all warm-blooded animals; man is a dead-end host.

Question 14

What is the incubation period for rabies?

Answer 14

3-8 weeks following exposure, but may vary from 4 days to several years.

Question 15

What is the mode of transmission for rabies?

Answer 15

Animal bites or licks; aerosols (from bats); man to man transmission is extremely rare.

Question 16

What are the types of rabies vaccines?

Answer 16

1. Nervous tissue vaccines
2. Duck embryo vaccines
3. Cell culture vaccines (CCV) (most effective)

Question 17

What are the components of post exposure prophylaxis for rabies?

Answer 17

1. Local wound treatment (cleaning, virucidal, local anti-rabies serum, and avoid suturing)
2. Antibiotic and anti-virus
3. Active and passive immunization.