hybridistation

Question 1

hybridisation of carbon

Answer 1

in the excited state on of the s electrons is promoted to the p shell and these four orbitals hybridise to form four identical sp3 hybrid orbitals

Question 2

alkanes

Answer 2

all bonds are single sigma bonds and sp3 hybridisation is found in saturated hydrocarbons

Question 3

alkenes

Answer 3

an s electron is promoted to the p shell and the s orbital and two of the p orbitals then hybridise to form sp2 orbitals (trigonal planar) the 3sp2 orbitals for single sigma bonds and the remaining 2p1 orbital forms a pi bond

Question 4

alkynes

Answer 4

one of the s orbitals is promoted to the p shell and the s orbital and one of the p orbitals hybridise to sp hybrid orbital

Question 5

benzene

Answer 5

each carbon has sp2 hybridisation and the remaining p orbitals form a pi bond system across all 6 carbons and these pi electrons are delocalised

Question 6

increasing number of bonds…

Answer 6

decreases bond length and increases bond strength

Question 7

aromatic

Answer 7

structures that contain a benzene ring

Question 8

aliphatic

Answer 8

structures that don’t contain a benzene ring