Hybridisation

Question 1

How does hybridisation happen?

Answer 1

Energy is used to elevate the s orbital so it is on the same energy level as P orbitals. The s and p orbitals mix and can make sigma bonds.

Question 2

What happens to unhybridised electrons in the second shell?

Answer 2

They are free to make pi bonds or be lone pairs.

Question 3

Explain sp2 hybridisation

Answer 3

the s and two p orbitals are hybridised, and each form a sigma bond. The remaining p orbital electron is free to make a pi bond.

Question 4

Explain the hybridisation in benzene

Answer 4

Each carbon is sp2 hybridised , as the remaining electron in the p orbital delocalises to be shared in the pi bond

Question 5

Explain sp hybridisation

Answer 5

S and p orbitals are hybridised, and two sigma bonds are formed. The electron in normal p orbitals are free to form two pi bonds.

Question 6

What hybridisation do amines have? Why?

Answer 6

sp3, there are 3 sigma bonds and one orbital contains a lone pair.

Question 7

What hybridisation does O have? Why?

Answer 7

sp3, two sigma bonds and two orbitals containing lone pairs

Question 8

What is the hybridisation of the atoms in an amide?

Answer 8

C is always sp2 hybridised as it always has a double bond. N and O are either sp2 or sp3 hybridised, due to resonance of the double bond between them.