Hybridisation

Question 1

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 1

Bonds formed from the sharing of electrons when orbitals overlap

Question 2

What is a sigma (σ) bond?

Answer 2

A covalent bond formed from end-on-end overlap of orbitals

Question 3

What is a pi (π) bond?

Answer 3

Covalent bond formed from side-on overlap of orbitals

Question 4

What are the components of a single bond?

Answer 4

1 sigma bond

Question 5

What are the components of a double bond?

Answer 5

A sigma bond and a pi bond

Question 6

What are the components of a triple bond?

Answer 6

A sigma bond and two pi bonds

Question 7

What is sp3 hybridisation?

Answer 7

Occurs when 2s orbitals mix with all 3 2p orbitals forming 4sp3 hybridised orbitals

Question 8

What shape does sp3 hybridisation form?

Answer 8

4 identical sigma bonds form hence tetrahedral

Question 9

What is sp2 hybridisation?

Answer 9

When 2s orbitals mix with 2 2p orbitals forming 3 sp2 orbitals and 1 unhybridised p orbital

Hence 3 identical sigma bonds form and 1 pi bond forms

Question 10

What shape does sp2 hybridsation form?

Answer 10

3 identical sigma bonds therefore trigonal planar

Question 11

What is sp hybridisation?

Answer 11

When 1 2s orbital mixes with 1 2p orbital to form 2 sp hybridised orbitals and 2 non-hybridised p orbitals.

Hence, 2 identical sigma bonds form and 2 pi bonds form

Question 12

What shape does sp hybridisation form?

Answer 12

Linear as 2 hybridised sp orbitals form two sigma bonds and 2 unhybridised p orbitals side on overlap to form two pi bonds