Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Flashcards
How do you name carboxylic acids?
Alkanoic acid
How do you name carboxylic ester?
Alkyl alkanoate
How do you name acyl (acid) chloride?
Alkanoyl chloride
How do you name acid anhydride?
Alkanoic anhydride
How do you name amide?
Alkanamide
How do you make acyl chlorides?
Add SOCl2 to RCOOH
RCOOH + SOCl2
ROCl + SO2 + HCl
How do you make acid anhydrides?
Add P2O5 to RCOOH
CH3COOH + P2O5
CH3COOCOCH3 (symmetrical anhydride) + H3PO4
How do you make ester?
Add alcohol and carboxylic acid with acid catalyst
RCOOH + ROH
RCOOR + H2O
How do you make amides?
RCOOH + RNH2
RCOOH + RNH2?
RCONHR + H2O
What is the mechanism for nucleophilic addition?
Start off with ketone
Add nucleophile -> electron donated to delta positive C of C=O
Electrons from double bond donated to O -> O gains a negative charge
Add acid -> H+ ion joins to O-
Addition reaction to form alcohol
What is the mechanism for nucleophilic acyl subsitution?
Same first step (nucleophile) donates electron to delta positive carbon and electron from double bond donated to oxygen for negative charge
Intermediate forms where the electrons from the oxygen donated back to C-O bond and electron from C-Leaving group donated to leaving group
Forms carboxylic derivative