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Biochemistry > HW 10, 11, 12 > Flashcards

HW 10, 11, 12 Flashcards

1
Q

. Which of the following enzymes directly converts phosphorylase b into the more active form, phosphorylase a?

a. adenylate kinase
b. cAMP-dependent protein kinase
c. protein kinase A
d. phosphorylase kinase
e. phosphoprotein phosphatase-1
A

d) phosphorylase kinase

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2
Q

Acetyl-CoA contains a bond which often provides the energy required for substrate-level phosphorylation.

a. phosphoester
b. thioester
c. phosphoanhydride
d. phosphothioester
e. ester

A

b. thioester

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3
Q

. Increased levels of epinephrine in the blood will
I. increase cAMP in liver and muscle cells
II. stimulate glycogen synthesis
III. inhibit glycolysis in the muscle cell
IV. stimulate gluconeogenesis in the muscle cell

a. I, II, III
b. I, II
c. I only
d. II only
e. I, II, III, IV

A

c. I only

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4
Q

Which of the following coenzymes is required by E1 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for catalytic activity?

a. thiamine pyrophosphate
b. lipoamide
c. coenzyme A
d. NAD+
e. FAD
A

a. thiamine pyrophosphate

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5
Q

E2 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains a lipoyl group that is covalently attached via an amide linkage to a residue on the enzyme

a. arginine
b. tyrosine
c. serine
d. lysine
e. cysteine
A

d. lysine

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6
Q

. If cAMP levels are high
I. Glycogenolysis will occur in muscle cells but not in liver cells
II. Glucose released from muscle glycogen will enter glycolysis
III. Glucose released from liver glycogen will exit liver cells via the GLUT4 transporter
IV. Glucose will enter liver cells resulting in glycogen synthesis

a. II only
b. I, II, IV
c. I, II
d. II, III, IV
e. III only

A

a. II only

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7
Q

How many NADH are produced when one acetyl group is oxidized in the citric acid cycle?

a. 1
b. 3
c. 2
d. 4
e. 5
A

b. 3

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8
Q

Which of the following will NOT activate glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?

a. cAMP
b. epinephrine
c. glucagon
d. eating a high carbohydrate meal
A

d. eating a high carbohydrate meal

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9
Q

Which of the following uses inherent length and flexibility to facilitate transfer of an acetyl group?

a. lipoamide
b. FAD
c. NAD+
d. thiamine pyrophosphate
e. coenzyme A
A

a. lipoamide

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10
Q

Which of the following coenzymes is required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for reoxidation of E3?

a. pyridoxal phosphate
b. thiamine pyrophosphate
c. NAD+
d. coenzyme A
e. FAD
A

a. NAD+

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11
Q

Condensation of _____ with oxaloacetate yields citrate.

a. alpha-ketoglutarate
b. acetyl-CoA
c. isocitrate
d. citrophosphate
e. oxalosuccinate
A

b. acetyl-CoA

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12
Q

The reaction catalyzed by ____ requires an enzyme bound flavin coenzyme.

a. malate dehydrogenase
b. isocitrate dehydrogenase
c. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
d. succinyl-CoA synthetase
e. succinate dehydrogenase

A

e. succinate dehydrogenase

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13
Q 
Which of the following utilizes intermediates of the citric acid cycle?
	I. gluconeogenesis
	II. amino acid biosynthesis
	III. fatty acid oxidation
	IV. glycolysis

a. I, II, III
b. I only
c. I, II
d. II only
e. I, IV

A

c. I, II

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14
Q

Which of the following enzymes of the citric acid cycle is inhibited by ATP?

a. isocitrate dehydrogenase
b. citrate synthase
c. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
d. succinyl-CoA synthetase
A

a. isocitrate dehydrogenase

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15
Q

Which of the following organisms does not utilize the glyoxylate cycle?

a. mammals
b. trees
c. bacteria
d. fungi
A

a. mammals

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16
Q 
Which of the following would decrease activity of the citric acid cycle overall?
	I. high concentration of NADH
	II. high concentration of Ca2+
        III. high concentration of ATP
	IV. high concentration of citrate

a. I, IV
b. I only
c. I, II, III, IV
d. I, III
e. I, III, IV

A

e. I, III, IV

17
Q

. Which of the following citric acid cycle intermediates can be converted to aspartate via transamination?

a. citrate
b. oxaloacetate
c. alpha-ketoglutarate
d. succinate
e. fumarate
A

b. oxaloacetate

18
Q 
. Which of the following represents a point of regulation for the citric acid cycle?
	I. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
	II. aconitase
        III. isocitrate dehydrogenase
	IV. fumarase

a. I, II, III, IV
b. I, II, IV
c. I, III
d. II, III
e. I, IV

A

c. I, III

19
Q

Calculate E°’ for the reduction of ubiquinone (standard reduction potential is 0.045 V) by NADH (standard reduction potential is -0.315 V). Your answer should be in V to the nearest hundredths (do not include units).

A

0.36

20
Q

Calculate G°’ for the above reaction. Faraday’s constant is 96,485 Jmol-1V-1. Your answer should be in J/mol to the nearest hundredths (do not include units).

A

-69,469.2

21
Q

Is the reaction above spontaneous? Answer Yes or No.

A

Yes

22
Q

While ___ is always involved in reactions that require the transfer of 2 electrons, ___can participate in reactions that transfer either 1 or 2 electrons.

a. NAD+; FAD
b. O2; NAD+
c. NAD+; O2
d. flavin; niacin
e. FAD; NAD+
A

a. NAD+; FAD

23
Q

Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the oxidation of 1 NADH?

a. 1.5
b. 1
c. 2.5
d. 2
e. 3

A

c. 2.5

24
Q

In redox half-reactions, a more positive standard reduction potential means
I. the oxidized form has a higher affinity for electrons
II. the oxidized form has a lower affinity for electrons
III. the reduced form has a higher affinity for electrons
IV. the greater the tendency for the oxidized form to accept electrons

a. II, IV
b. I only
c. II only
d. II, III
e. I, IV

A

e. I, IV

25
Q

Which of the prosthetic groups listed can accept or donate either one or two electrons due to the stability of the semiquinone state?

a. cytochrome c
b. CoQ
c. NADH
d. [2Fe-2S]
e. Rieske center
A

b. CoQ

26
Q

In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from redox center to redox center .
a. as a result of the addition of free energy
b. in an ATP dependent fashion
c. spontaneously due to the redox potential
gradient
d. as a result of the proton gradient
e. with the assistance of a carrier protein

A

c. spontaneously due to the redox potential gradient

27
Q

The electrons formed from the aerobic oxidation of glucose are
I. ultimately transferred to O2 after several other transfer reactions
II. transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD
III. directly transferred to O2 during the citric acid cycle
IV. transferred to succinate and arachidonic acid

a. I, II, III
b. I only
c. II only
d. II, III, IV
e. I, II

A

e. I, II

28
Q

Electrons from FADH2 are delivered to ____ and electrons from NADH are delivered to____ of the electron transport chain.

a. Complex III; Complex I
b. Complex II; Complex I
c. Complex I; Complex II
d. Complex II; Complex III
e. Complex I; Complex IV
A

b. Complex II; Complex I

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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