HVIII - Foreign Relations

Question 1

How did Ferdinand use Henry in 1512?

Answer 1

Henry sent an army to Southwest France under the Marquis of Dorset. Ferdinand used it as a diversion to claim Navarre

Question 2

What two towns did Henry conquer in the Battle of the Spurs in 1513?

Answer 2

Therouanne and Tournai

Question 3

Who invaded England in the Battle of Flodden in 1513 and who was killed?

Answer 3

Scotland, James IV

Question 4

Nothing was achieved in military adventures in 1513 but what were the effects. [3]

Answer 4

Henry had to liquidate his fathers assets to pay for the wars
A new Yorkshire rebellion nearly kicked off
Tournai was sold back to France for less than it cost to repair

Question 5

How did Wolsey recover the situation with France in 1514? [2]

Answer 5

Recovered the Treaty of Etaples

Arranged the marriage between Mary and Louis XII

Question 6

What 3 things sum up foreign policy between 1514 and 1526?

Answer 6

• England was a minor power compared to France and Spain
• Henry overestimated English power
• Anglo-Scottish and Anglo-French relations were dependent due to the Auld alliance

Question 7

What were the consequences of Henry running out of money by 1514? [2]

Answer 7

Couldn’t exploit the weaknesses of Scotland after James IVs death
Had to make peace with the French

Question 8

What treaty in 1516 left England isolated and who was it between?

Answer 8

The Treaty of Cambrai; France and Spain

Question 9

How did Francis attempt to undermine Anglo-Scottish relations

Answer 9

Placed the Duke of Albany in Scotland, though he couldn’t take advantage due to divisions in the Scottish nobility

Question 10

Why was the Treaty of London in 1518 signed by all European monarchs

Answer 10

As a treaty of perpetual peace to form a united front against the Ottoman Turks

Question 11

When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold

Answer 11

June 1520

Question 12

How much did the Field of the Cloth of Gold cost Henry’s treasury

Answer 12

£15,000

Question 13

Why did Henry back Charles V in 1521 instead of Francis? [3]

Answer 13

Allowed him to improve relations with the Pope who wanted to reduce Frencch control of northern Italy
Believed he could gain French territory
Deal included a marriage between Mary and the Emperor

Question 14

What happened in the Battle of Pavia in 1525?

Answer 14

The Emperors forces crushed the French

Question 15

What were the effects of Wolseys trade embargo on Burgundy

Answer 15

Charles retaliation caused widespread unemployment and social problems in England

Question 16

How did Charles ensure that Henry wouldn’t solve his marital issues in 1529?

Answer 16

Peace of Cambrai that reinforced the Popes political dependence on Charles

Question 17

Why was there no short term repercussions to Henry’s break from Rome

Answer 17

Charles was preoccupied with dealing with the the threat posed by the Ottoman Turks

Question 18

How was pressure on Henry reduced in 1536? [2]

Answer 18

Catherine and Anne’s death opened up a potential alliance with the Emperor
Renewal of tensions between Charles and Francis reduced the threat they both posed to England

Question 19

Why was pressure intensified on Henry in 1538? [2]

Answer 19

Francis and Charles made peace and agreed to cut all links with England
The Pope sent envoys to France and Scotland to rouse support for a Catholic Crusade against Henry

Question 20

When did Henry VIII remove Kildare from his post and what was the effect?

Answer 20

1534, sparked a major rebellion led by Kildares son

Question 21

How did Henry try to pacify Ireland in 1541

Answer 21

Made it a separate Kingdom, imposing English law and creating counties out of Gaelic lordships

Question 22

Why was the relationship after 1534 with Ireland much more complicated

Answer 22

There was the added religious differences

Question 23

When was the Battle of Solway Moss and James V’s death?

Answer 23

1542

Question 24

Who supported Henry’s attempted marriage between Edward and Mary Queen of Scots

Answer 24

Earl of Arran

Question 25

When and how where Edward and Mary Queen of Scots formally betrothed?

Answer 25

In 1543 through the Treaty of Greenwich

Question 26

When the Scottish Parliament refused to ratify Edward and Mary’s marriage, what did Henry do?

Answer 26

Sent the Earl of Herford to destroy Edinburgh and St Andrews

Question 27

In 1544 Henry led a huge army to France with the aim of marching on (1) but only ended up capturing (2)

Answer 27

1 - Paris

2 - Boulogne

Question 28

How did matters worsen with France in 1545? [3]

Answer 28

Francis sent troops to Scotland to threaten an invasion
The English were defeated at the Battle of Ancrum Moor
A separate French force went to the Isle of Wight

Question 29

What had Henry been forced to do to fund the final war with France? [3]

Answer 29

Sell off much Crown land
Borrow huge amounts of money
Debase the coinage

Question 30

Which child did the 1534 Succession Act declare illegitimate?

Answer 30

Mary

Question 31

Which child did the 1536 Succession Act declare illegitimate?

Answer 31

Elizabeth

Question 32

What did the 1543 Succession Act do?

Answer 32

Reinstated the legitimacy of Mary and Elizabeth