HVII Foreign Policy Flashcards
The Cornish Rebellion
1497
Cornwall against tax for Scottish attack and the “evil counsellors” Morton and Bray
Henry easily destroyed the rebel group
Significant because:
- England preoccupied with Warbeck
-Had broad support showing united opposition
- One of the first times that rebels had bigger force then army (Henry needed reinforcements
- Cornwall didn’t give taxes in the end
Not serious because:
- Leadership wasn’t clear, no clear leader to take thrown
- Gave up after first defeat and Henry didn’t need to negotiate or make concessions with the rebels
The Perkin Warbeck Rebellion
1491-99
Warbeck posed as Richard of York
Gave himself up after 4 rebellions failed and several treaties
Significant because:
- If Henry hadn’t made treaties then Perkin would’ve had ample support to rebel
Wasn’t serious because:
- Only took a few treaties to prevent Warbeck from rebelling
The Lovell and Staffords Rebellion
1486
Lovell was supporter of Richard III
Significant because:
- Events had shown possibility of coordinating regional unrest
Not significant because:
- Lovell had little military experience and support as its a selfish cause
The Lambert Simnel Rebellion
1487
Lambert Simnel pretended to be Earl of Warwick
Significant because:
- Simnel acted as figurehead for Yorkist supporters
- Had lots of support (nearly 8000)
Not significant because:
- AFV leadership strong but was an impersonator
- Lack of support from significant individuals
The Yorkshire Rebellion
1489
Yorkshire poor, when King’s Officer came to collect tax to finance war with France he was murdered
Yorkshire annoyed as so close to not being in tax region
Significant because:
- Early on in his reign
- Henry responded intensely sending large army
- Never had to pay tax in end
Not serious because:
- Never escalated beyond large crowds
- No external support
- Didn’t want to dethrone him
What were HVII’s foreign policy aims?
- National security
- Recognition of the Tudor dynasty
- Defence of English trading interests
Truces signed with Scotland, France (and HRE)
1486 (1487)
Peace agreements signed
Success:
- Minimised risk from potentially dangerous neighbours
- Henry recognised as legitimate ruler
- Enabled Henry to focus on consolidating his authority domestically
Failures:
- Truces fairly short-lived (e.g. James III died in 1488 in effect voiding the truce
French invasion of Brittany
1487
French soldiers sent to annexe brittany (semi-autonomous)
Success:
- None
Failure:
- French invasion of England would be easier if France took full control of Brittany
Treaty of Redon
1489
Henry summoned parliament to grant £100,000 to finance a force between 3000-6000 soldiers
England and Brittany signed treaty agreeing Duchess Anne would pay for small British army
Success:
- Relieved financial burden
Failure:
-French hosted Warbeck
Treaty of Medina del Campo
1489
England and Spain work together against France
Betrothal of Catherine to Arthur
Success:
- Agreed not to harbour each others enemies
- Fixed custom duties established, which slightly favoured English merchants
- Equal trading rights
Failure:
- In future, alliance didn’t support each other always
- 1523: Spainish let down England in Second French War
English troops sent to Brittany and Treaty of Etaples
1492
HVII lead English army of 12000 to Brittany
Gambled that French didn’t want prolonged conflict due to interest in North Italy
Success:
- Henry’s army left for 745,000 crowns in year payment of 50,000
- French promised to no longer support Henry’s enemy
- French left Brittany
Failure:
- Defacto Brittany was still a French state
English embargo on Burgundy
1493
Margaret, Maximillian and Phillip all hosting Warbeck so HVII put embargo in trade
Success:
- None
Failure:
- Angered cloth merchants of SE England
- Resulted in two of Henrys FP aims conflicting (secure dynasty and promoting trade)
Magnus Intercursus
1496
Trade agreements between England and Burgundy establishing trade
Success:
- Allowed English cloth to be exported to all areas of Burgundy (except Flanders)
- Enabled England to dominate cloth trade in Europe
- Cloth exports at the end of HVII reign were 60% higher
Scottish Invasion of England
1496
James IV offered Warbeck hospitality in 1495
Warbeck stayed in Scottish court for 2 years
Scots invaded with small army and soon returned when it was clear no support for Yorkist
Led to Henry going to Parliament to grant tax to prepare for English attack on Scotland
Success:
- Truce signed
Failure:
- Tax angered Cornish
Truce of Ayton
1497 Truce between Scottish and English Success: - England don't have to fight Scottish Failure: - Came too late as tax made the Cornish rebel
