Huygens' Principle and Wave Interference Flashcards
what is a sine wave
a wave that is symmetrical and describes the movement of something with time
Huygens’ sources
point sources that create a wave
Huygens’ wavelets
the waves emitted from each source
wavelets diverge from the source and the rate of divergence depends on the ___ of the source (_____= more divergence)
size
smaller
divergence
the spreading of the beam as it travels from the source
the _____ the source of sound, the less divergence there is
larger
diffraction occurs
after a beam with planar wave fronts pass through an aperature
Huygens’ principle
is that each point source creates its own sound wave or beam
multiple _____ from many sources together form a new ____
wavelets
wave front
Huygens’ principle effects probe design why
typically probes have multiple small crystals mounted on transducer face each with a separate source where all sources form a larger beam together
(impacts sensitivity/res)
interference occurs
when 2 or more waves interact
interference is the ____ of the motion from one wave to that of another
adding
interference 2 categories
constructive
destrcutive
constructive interference (occurs/results)
occurs when two waves are “in phase”
contribution of each wave results in an increase in amp/intensity
destructive interference (occurs/results)
occurs when two waves are “out of phase”
contribution of both results in an decrease in amp/intensity or cancel out
when two waves are neither completely in phase nor out of phase a ______ is produced
beat frequency
beat frequency
occurs when two waves are neither completely in phase nor out of phase
changes in intensity can effect the ____ of the beam
sensitivity
what does beat frequency have to do with ultrasound
how doppler signals are detected in ultrasound (send out on F, get a different F back)
interference effects the ____ of the beams intensity and amplification throughout the ______
uniformity
ultrasonic field
interference gives the beam a ____ responsible for the ______ of the beam
shape
natural focusing
beam shape is also important when considering the image ______
resolution
standing waves occur/results
when two waves propagate in the same medium but in opposite directions resulting in some points where amplitude is zero and others where amp is doubled
nodes
points of minimum fluctuation and are points of low pressure (smallest difference in wave amp)