Husbandry

Question 1

Passive-short lived

Answer 1

Maternal antibodies passed from mum these can interfere with vaccinations so we vaccs after the maternally immunity has weaned.

Administration of antiserum contains antibodies to fight pathogens

Question 2

Maternal immunity

Answer 2

Colostrum _ the initial mammary secretion. Absorbed from intestines for 24- 48 hours after birth.
Transition from colostrum to milk production can take up to 6 days.

Question 3

Immunoglobulins

Answer 3

Provide maternal or passive immunity

Question 4

Level of immunoglobulins received from the colostrum depends on ?

Answer 4

Absolute titre of the dam ( vaccination status of mum)

Quantity received during nursing ( big litters les colostrum)

Question 5

Acquired Immunity

Answer 5

Naturally animals are exposed to pathogens and its immune system develops antibodies against that pathogen.

If the animal is exposed to the same pathogen again it will already have means to fight that pathogen

Question 6

Active

Answer 6

Vaccinations an animal is exposed to a foreign antigen associated with s specific infection and acquires immunity to the infection.

If the animal is exposed to the same infection again it will have the means to fight it.

Question 7

Humoral

Answer 7

B lymphocytes (b for bone marrow) develop into plasma cells that manufacture antibodies composed of immunoglobulins that attack the antigens (a substance that evokes the production of antibodies)

Question 8

Cellular immunity

Answer 8

Does not involve antibodies instead it is associated with the activity of t lymphocytes (t cells) which mature in the thymus. Sends messages to the immune system and coordinates the attack

Question 9

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 9

Kills infected cells

Question 10

Suppressor T cells

Answer 10

Keeps the immune system in check so an over reaction doesn’t occur

Question 11

Attenuated or live

Answer 11

Usually made of strains of the pathogen that has been weakened so they cause disease in the animals good cellular and humoral immunity is stimulated

Question 12

Inactive or killed

Answer 12

Made of adjuvant an agent that stimulated the immune system to fight the infection

Question 13

Crown tooth

Answer 13

The crown is usually covered by enamel and meets the root at cemento enermal junction

Question 14

Root tooth

Answer 14

Teeth may have one or more roots. At the end of the roof is the apex which has a multiply camel delta Forman. This area is were the nerves and blood vessels travel to the pump. (Apical)

Question 15

Alveolar bone

Answer 15

The roots are encased in the alveolar process of the jaw. The process comprises of alveolar bone, trabecular and compact bone.

Question 16

Lamina dura tooth

Answer 16

Sight of an uninterrupted lamina dura is interpreted radiographically as a sign of good periodontal health

Question 17

Enamel

Answer 17

It’s the hardest substance in the body and covers the crowns.

Question 18

Dentine tooth

Answer 18

Is the main support structure of the tooth and is the second hardest tissue in the body after enamel

Question 19

Cementum tooth

Answer 19

Covers the enamel free root and provided a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament.

Capable of formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life.

Question 20

Periodontal ligament

Answer 20

Comprised of taut collagen fibre bundles.
There are blood vessels and nerves within the PL

The tooth is anchored on by the PL

Question 21

Pulp

Answer 21

Living tissue within the tooth contains nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels

Question 22

Dental formula

Answer 22

Dogs deciduous 13/3. C1/3 Pm3/3

Dog permanent 13/3 c1/1 pm4/4 m2/3

Cats deciduous 13/3 c1/1. Pm3/2
Cat permanent 13/3 c1/1 pm3/2 m 1/1

Question 23

Calcium

Answer 23

Used in bones 99% of bodies calcium is in bones.

Works with phosphorus

Phos and cal growing Rotio 1-1

Question 24

Phosophorus

Answer 24

86% retained in bones dispenses energy through (ATP) adenosine triphosphate.

Molecules used on DNA and rna

Question 25

Potassium

Answer 25

Essential for cell function

Cardiac function

Energy metabolism

Question 26

Sodium

Answer 26

Cell function
Maintains the pressure balance between the inside and outside cell.

Drink to eliminate sodium to avoid urinary stone

Question 27

Magnesium

Answer 27

Works in order to provide good working nervous conduction and muscle contraction

Question 28

Zinc

Answer 28

Transports victim in A in the blood and plays a part in reproduction.

Skin and quality of hair

Question 29

Iron

Answer 29

Haemoglobin the transport of oxygen in the red blood cells

Myoglobolin same

Question 30

Manganese

Answer 30

Mitochondria

Formation of bone and joint cartilage

Question 31

Cooper

Answer 31

Facilitate the intestinal absorption of iron and incorporation of heamaglobin

Question 32

Iodine

Answer 32

Thyroid hormones

Question 33

Mitochondria

Answer 33

Energy
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate

Question 34

Ribosomes

Answer 34

Protein synthesis

Question 35

Rough endoplasmic

Answer 35

Ribosomes attached to surface

Function to transport proteins that have synthesised

Question 36

Smooth

Answer 36

Synthesis and transports lipids and staroids

Question 37

Golgi

Answer 37

Modification of some proteins produced within the cell

Also plays a part in formation of lysosomes