Husbandry Flashcards
Passive-short lived
Maternal antibodies passed from mum these can interfere with vaccinations so we vaccs after the maternally immunity has weaned.
Administration of antiserum contains antibodies to fight pathogens
Maternal immunity
Colostrum _ the initial mammary secretion. Absorbed from intestines for 24- 48 hours after birth.
Transition from colostrum to milk production can take up to 6 days.
Immunoglobulins
Provide maternal or passive immunity
Level of immunoglobulins received from the colostrum depends on ?
Absolute titre of the dam ( vaccination status of mum)
Quantity received during nursing ( big litters les colostrum)
Acquired Immunity
Naturally animals are exposed to pathogens and its immune system develops antibodies against that pathogen.
If the animal is exposed to the same pathogen again it will already have means to fight that pathogen
Active
Vaccinations an animal is exposed to a foreign antigen associated with s specific infection and acquires immunity to the infection.
If the animal is exposed to the same infection again it will have the means to fight it.
Humoral
B lymphocytes (b for bone marrow) develop into plasma cells that manufacture antibodies composed of immunoglobulins that attack the antigens (a substance that evokes the production of antibodies)
Cellular immunity
Does not involve antibodies instead it is associated with the activity of t lymphocytes (t cells) which mature in the thymus. Sends messages to the immune system and coordinates the attack
Cytotoxic T cells
Kills infected cells
Suppressor T cells
Keeps the immune system in check so an over reaction doesn’t occur
Attenuated or live
Usually made of strains of the pathogen that has been weakened so they cause disease in the animals good cellular and humoral immunity is stimulated
Inactive or killed
Made of adjuvant an agent that stimulated the immune system to fight the infection
Crown tooth
The crown is usually covered by enamel and meets the root at cemento enermal junction
Root tooth
Teeth may have one or more roots. At the end of the roof is the apex which has a multiply camel delta Forman. This area is were the nerves and blood vessels travel to the pump. (Apical)
Alveolar bone
The roots are encased in the alveolar process of the jaw. The process comprises of alveolar bone, trabecular and compact bone.
Lamina dura tooth
Sight of an uninterrupted lamina dura is interpreted radiographically as a sign of good periodontal health
Enamel
It’s the hardest substance in the body and covers the crowns.
Dentine tooth
Is the main support structure of the tooth and is the second hardest tissue in the body after enamel
Cementum tooth
Covers the enamel free root and provided a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament.
Capable of formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life.
Periodontal ligament
Comprised of taut collagen fibre bundles.
There are blood vessels and nerves within the PL
The tooth is anchored on by the PL
Pulp
Living tissue within the tooth contains nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels
Dental formula
Dogs deciduous 13/3. C1/3 Pm3/3
Dog permanent 13/3 c1/1 pm4/4 m2/3
Cats deciduous 13/3 c1/1. Pm3/2
Cat permanent 13/3 c1/1 pm3/2 m 1/1
Calcium
Used in bones 99% of bodies calcium is in bones.
Works with phosphorus
Phos and cal growing Rotio 1-1
Phosophorus
86% retained in bones dispenses energy through (ATP) adenosine triphosphate.
Molecules used on DNA and rna
Potassium
Essential for cell function
Cardiac function
Energy metabolism
Sodium
Cell function
Maintains the pressure balance between the inside and outside cell.
Drink to eliminate sodium to avoid urinary stone
Magnesium
Works in order to provide good working nervous conduction and muscle contraction
Zinc
Transports victim in A in the blood and plays a part in reproduction.
Skin and quality of hair
Iron
Haemoglobin the transport of oxygen in the red blood cells
Myoglobolin same
Manganese
Mitochondria
Formation of bone and joint cartilage
Cooper
Facilitate the intestinal absorption of iron and incorporation of heamaglobin
Iodine
Thyroid hormones
Mitochondria
Energy
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic
Ribosomes attached to surface
Function to transport proteins that have synthesised
Smooth
Synthesis and transports lipids and staroids
Golgi
Modification of some proteins produced within the cell
Also plays a part in formation of lysosomes
