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veterinary nursing > A&p > Flashcards

A&p Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

The space in the anterior between the lungs dividing them which contains heart, trachea, oesophagus and nerves and vessels.

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2
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Serous membrane that coves the lungs

1st glove

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3
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer serous membrane

2nd glove of the lung

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4
Q

Pleural space

A

Between the pulmonary and parietal

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5
Q

Pleural fluid

A

Contained with the pleural space

Acts as a lubricant

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6
Q

Parietal Peritoneal cavity

A

Serous membrane that covers the abdo cavity

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7
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that covers the organs within the abdo cavity
Not kidneys

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8
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Space between organs and wall

Contains fluid known as paritoneal fluid

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9
Q

Squamous tissue

A

Used for diffusion such as the alveoli of the lungs and lining the blood vessels

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10
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Found lining glands and there ducts and kidney tubules

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11
Q

Simple columnar

A

Found lining the intestines, allowing absorption of soluble food material

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12
Q

Ciliated

A

Free surface of cell

Lined tubes and cavities were materials are moved such as respitory tract and oviducts

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13
Q

Stratisfield

A

Double or more layers found in mouth, vagina, oesophagus

We’re friction happens

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14
Q

Transitional

A

Stretch material

Found in bladder and urethra

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15
Q

Connective tissue

A 
Bone 
Blood 
Adipose 
Cartilage 
Dense 
Reticular 
Areolia ( lose connective)
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16
Q

Cartilage connective

A

Fibrocartilage
Electric
Hyaline

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17
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Skeletal vol - myocytes and myofibrils
Cardiac invol-
Smooth invol - found oesophagus, bladder, uterus and resp tract

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18
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A

During inspiration the pulse increase and on expiration the pulse decreases

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19
Q

Another name for the sweat gland

A

Sudoriferous

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20
Q

Sabaceous gland

A

Secrets sebum giving the coat an oily feeling

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21
Q

Total volume of water within the body

A

60-70 %

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22
Q

Intracellular fluid contains what %

A

40%

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23
Q

Extracellular fluid %

A

20 %

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24
Q

Extracellular fluid can be divided into 3 parts ?

A

Vascular 5%
Interstinal 15% space between cells
Trancellular 1%

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25
Q

Osmorceptors in the hypothalamus do what

A

Stimulated thirst and release ADH (antidiuretic hormones) from the pituitary gland.

26
Q

Hypoperfusion of the kidneys is ?

A

Decreased in renal blood flow due to low blood pressers

27
Q

What occurs when hypoperfusion of the kidneys takes place

A

The kidneys release Renin

28
Q

Fluid loss percentage

U+ and F+

A

Urine 24-48ml /kg/ day
Faeces 10-20
Respiration 20

29
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to one of high

30
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles from a region of higher concentration to lower

31
Q

Isotonic p

A

Same pressure of that of plasma

32
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Higher pressure then that of plasma

33
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower pressure then that of plasma

34
Q

Insensible or inevitable loss

A

Fluid loss from the body such as respiration and sweating that cannot be regulated

35
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged ions ( electrolytes) such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

36
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charges ions such as chloride.

37
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid in the body

38
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid that dissolves or has the power to dissolve

39
Q

Examples of body fluid

A 
Bile 
Amniotic fluid 
Aqueous humour and vitreous humour 
Blood serum 
Breast milk 
Cerumen wax 
Cerebrospinal fluid
40
Q

Intestinal fluid is also know as

A

Tissue fluid

41
Q

Sensible water loss

A

Urination/ dedication

42
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure that is drawn through a semi permeable membrane

43
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A 
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) 
Follicle- stimulating hormones (fsh) 
Growth hormone (gh) 
Luteinizing hormone (Lh) 
Prolactin 
Thyroid- stimulating hormones (tsh)
44
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Antidiuretic hormones (adh) also known as vasopressin released to increase plasma osmotic pressure

Oxytocin- milk let down

45
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormones (acth)

A

Targets the adrenal gland cortex and stimulated the release of corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids.

46
Q

Follicle stimulating hormones (Fsh)

A

Targets the Sertoli cells in males causing spermatogenesis. In females it targets the ovaries stimulating growth of the follicles which contain the ova (eggs)

47
Q

Growth hormones

A

Also known as somatotropin it acts on all tissue of the body stimulating growth by increasing the uptake of amino acids and protein

48
Q

Luteinizing- hormones

A

Stimulates the release of testosterone. In females it targets the ovaries causing ovulation and development.
Corpus luteum

49
Q

Prolactin

A

Which targets the mammary glands to stimulate development during pregnancy

50
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

A

Targets the thyroid gland and stimulated the release of tyroxine.

51
Q

Epidermal layer

A

Stratum corneum keratin

Stratum lucidim nose and foot pad

Stratum granulosum the nuclei of the cell is shrunken

Stratum spinosum nuclei

Stratum basal mitosis

52
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Strength in tendons

Muscle to bone

53
Q

Loss connective tissue

A

Surrounds organs and provide support. Connects skin to underlying tissue

54
Q

Cartilage cells

A

Hyaline - c shaped wings found in the trechea

Elestic- found in the pinna and epiglottis

Fibro- strong cartilage supportive found in shoulder and hips
Holds bones on articulate sockets

55
Q

Cells in bones

A

Osteoblast- immature cells which can synthesise osteoid.
Osteocytes - mature cells that maintain bone structure
Osteoclasts- cells that can breakdown and remodel bone

56
Q

Layer covering horse hoof

A

Peripole

57
Q

V shape structure

A

The frog

58
Q

Horse sole and wall junction

A

White line

59
Q

Front pads

A

7 pads

60
Q

Hind pads

A

5

61
Q

Compact bone

A

Found outside of the bon

62
Q

Cell membrane is made up of

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

veterinary nursing (3 decks)

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