A&p Flashcards
What is the mediastinum
The space in the anterior between the lungs dividing them which contains heart, trachea, oesophagus and nerves and vessels.
Visceral pleura
Serous membrane that coves the lungs
1st glove
Parietal pleura
Outer serous membrane
2nd glove of the lung
Pleural space
Between the pulmonary and parietal
Pleural fluid
Contained with the pleural space
Acts as a lubricant
Parietal Peritoneal cavity
Serous membrane that covers the abdo cavity
Visceral peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the organs within the abdo cavity
Not kidneys
Peritoneal cavity
Space between organs and wall
Contains fluid known as paritoneal fluid
Squamous tissue
Used for diffusion such as the alveoli of the lungs and lining the blood vessels
Simple cuboidal
Found lining glands and there ducts and kidney tubules
Simple columnar
Found lining the intestines, allowing absorption of soluble food material
Ciliated
Free surface of cell
Lined tubes and cavities were materials are moved such as respitory tract and oviducts
Stratisfield
Double or more layers found in mouth, vagina, oesophagus
We’re friction happens
Transitional
Stretch material
Found in bladder and urethra
Connective tissue
Bone Blood Adipose Cartilage Dense Reticular Areolia ( lose connective)
Cartilage connective
Fibrocartilage
Electric
Hyaline
Muscular tissue
Skeletal vol - myocytes and myofibrils
Cardiac invol-
Smooth invol - found oesophagus, bladder, uterus and resp tract
Sinus arrhythmia
During inspiration the pulse increase and on expiration the pulse decreases
Another name for the sweat gland
Sudoriferous
Sabaceous gland
Secrets sebum giving the coat an oily feeling
Total volume of water within the body
60-70 %
Intracellular fluid contains what %
40%
Extracellular fluid %
20 %
Extracellular fluid can be divided into 3 parts ?
Vascular 5%
Interstinal 15% space between cells
Trancellular 1%
Osmorceptors in the hypothalamus do what
Stimulated thirst and release ADH (antidiuretic hormones) from the pituitary gland.
Hypoperfusion of the kidneys is ?
Decreased in renal blood flow due to low blood pressers
What occurs when hypoperfusion of the kidneys takes place
The kidneys release Renin
Fluid loss percentage
U+ and F+
Urine 24-48ml /kg/ day
Faeces 10-20
Respiration 20
Osmosis
Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to one of high
Diffusion
Particles from a region of higher concentration to lower
Isotonic p
Same pressure of that of plasma
Hypertonic solution
Higher pressure then that of plasma
Hypotonic
Lower pressure then that of plasma
Insensible or inevitable loss
Fluid loss from the body such as respiration and sweating that cannot be regulated
Cations
Positively charged ions ( electrolytes) such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
Anion
Negatively charges ions such as chloride.
Plasma
Fluid in the body
Solvent
A liquid that dissolves or has the power to dissolve
Examples of body fluid
Bile Amniotic fluid Aqueous humour and vitreous humour Blood serum Breast milk Cerumen wax Cerebrospinal fluid
Intestinal fluid is also know as
Tissue fluid
Sensible water loss
Urination/ dedication
Osmotic pressure
The pressure that is drawn through a semi permeable membrane
Anterior pituitary gland
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) Follicle- stimulating hormones (fsh) Growth hormone (gh) Luteinizing hormone (Lh) Prolactin Thyroid- stimulating hormones (tsh)
Posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormones (adh) also known as vasopressin released to increase plasma osmotic pressure
Oxytocin- milk let down
Adrenocorticotrophic hormones (acth)
Targets the adrenal gland cortex and stimulated the release of corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids.
Follicle stimulating hormones (Fsh)
Targets the Sertoli cells in males causing spermatogenesis. In females it targets the ovaries stimulating growth of the follicles which contain the ova (eggs)
Growth hormones
Also known as somatotropin it acts on all tissue of the body stimulating growth by increasing the uptake of amino acids and protein
Luteinizing- hormones
Stimulates the release of testosterone. In females it targets the ovaries causing ovulation and development.
Corpus luteum
Prolactin
Which targets the mammary glands to stimulate development during pregnancy
Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)
Targets the thyroid gland and stimulated the release of tyroxine.
Epidermal layer
Stratum corneum keratin
Stratum lucidim nose and foot pad
Stratum granulosum the nuclei of the cell is shrunken
Stratum spinosum nuclei
Stratum basal mitosis
Dense connective tissue
Strength in tendons
Muscle to bone
Loss connective tissue
Surrounds organs and provide support. Connects skin to underlying tissue
Cartilage cells
Hyaline - c shaped wings found in the trechea
Elestic- found in the pinna and epiglottis
Fibro- strong cartilage supportive found in shoulder and hips
Holds bones on articulate sockets
Cells in bones
Osteoblast- immature cells which can synthesise osteoid.
Osteocytes - mature cells that maintain bone structure
Osteoclasts- cells that can breakdown and remodel bone
Layer covering horse hoof
Peripole
V shape structure
The frog
Horse sole and wall junction
White line
Front pads
7 pads
Hind pads
5
Compact bone
Found outside of the bon
Cell membrane is made up of
Phospholipid Bilayer
