A&p

Question 1

What is the mediastinum

Answer 1

The space in the anterior between the lungs dividing them which contains heart, trachea, oesophagus and nerves and vessels.

Question 2

Visceral pleura

Answer 2

Serous membrane that coves the lungs

1st glove

Question 3

Parietal pleura

Answer 3

Outer serous membrane

2nd glove of the lung

Question 4

Pleural space

Answer 4

Between the pulmonary and parietal

Question 5

Pleural fluid

Answer 5

Contained with the pleural space

Acts as a lubricant

Question 6

Parietal Peritoneal cavity

Answer 6

Serous membrane that covers the abdo cavity

Question 7

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 7

Serous membrane that covers the organs within the abdo cavity
Not kidneys

Question 8

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 8

Space between organs and wall

Contains fluid known as paritoneal fluid

Question 9

Squamous tissue

Answer 9

Used for diffusion such as the alveoli of the lungs and lining the blood vessels

Question 10

Simple cuboidal

Answer 10

Found lining glands and there ducts and kidney tubules

Question 11

Simple columnar

Answer 11

Found lining the intestines, allowing absorption of soluble food material

Question 12

Ciliated

Answer 12

Free surface of cell

Lined tubes and cavities were materials are moved such as respitory tract and oviducts

Question 13

Stratisfield

Answer 13

Double or more layers found in mouth, vagina, oesophagus

We’re friction happens

Question 14

Transitional

Answer 14

Stretch material

Found in bladder and urethra

Question 15

Connective tissue

Answer 15

Bone 
Blood 
Adipose 
Cartilage 
Dense 
Reticular 
Areolia ( lose connective)

Question 16

Cartilage connective

Answer 16

Fibrocartilage
Electric
Hyaline

Question 17

Muscular tissue

Answer 17

Skeletal vol - myocytes and myofibrils
Cardiac invol-
Smooth invol - found oesophagus, bladder, uterus and resp tract

Question 18

Sinus arrhythmia

Answer 18

During inspiration the pulse increase and on expiration the pulse decreases

Question 19

Another name for the sweat gland

Answer 19

Sudoriferous

Question 20

Sabaceous gland

Answer 20

Secrets sebum giving the coat an oily feeling

Question 21

Total volume of water within the body

Answer 21

60-70 %

Question 22

Intracellular fluid contains what %

Answer 22

40%

Question 23

Extracellular fluid %

Answer 23

20 %

Question 24

Extracellular fluid can be divided into 3 parts ?

Answer 24

Vascular 5%
Interstinal 15% space between cells
Trancellular 1%

Question 25

Osmorceptors in the hypothalamus do what

Answer 25

Stimulated thirst and release ADH (antidiuretic hormones) from the pituitary gland.

Question 26

Hypoperfusion of the kidneys is ?

Answer 26

Decreased in renal blood flow due to low blood pressers

Question 27

What occurs when hypoperfusion of the kidneys takes place

Answer 27

The kidneys release Renin

Question 28

Fluid loss percentage | U+ and F+

Answer 28

Urine 24-48ml /kg/ day Faeces 10-20 Respiration 20

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to one of high

Question 30

Diffusion

Answer 30

Particles from a region of higher concentration to lower

Question 31

Isotonic p

Answer 31

Same pressure of that of plasma

Question 32

Hypertonic solution

Answer 32

Higher pressure then that of plasma

Question 33

Hypotonic

Answer 33

Lower pressure then that of plasma

Question 34

Insensible or inevitable loss

Answer 34

Fluid loss from the body such as respiration and sweating that cannot be regulated

Question 35

Cations

Answer 35

Positively charged ions ( electrolytes) such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

Question 36

Anion

Answer 36

Negatively charges ions such as chloride.

Question 37

Plasma

Answer 37

Fluid in the body

Question 38

Solvent

Answer 38

A liquid that dissolves or has the power to dissolve

Question 39

Examples of body fluid

Answer 39

``` Bile Amniotic fluid Aqueous humour and vitreous humour Blood serum Breast milk Cerumen wax Cerebrospinal fluid ```

Question 40

Intestinal fluid is also know as

Answer 40

Tissue fluid

Question 41

Sensible water loss

Answer 41

Urination/ dedication

Question 42

Osmotic pressure

Answer 42

The pressure that is drawn through a semi permeable membrane

Question 43

Anterior pituitary gland

Answer 43

``` Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) Follicle- stimulating hormones (fsh) Growth hormone (gh) Luteinizing hormone (Lh) Prolactin Thyroid- stimulating hormones (tsh) ```

Question 44

Posterior pituitary

Answer 44

Antidiuretic hormones (adh) also known as vasopressin released to increase plasma osmotic pressure Oxytocin- milk let down

Question 45

Adrenocorticotrophic hormones (acth)

Answer 45

Targets the adrenal gland cortex and stimulated the release of corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids.

Question 46

Follicle stimulating hormones (Fsh)

Answer 46

Targets the Sertoli cells in males causing spermatogenesis. In females it targets the ovaries stimulating growth of the follicles which contain the ova (eggs)

Question 47

Growth hormones

Answer 47

Also known as somatotropin it acts on all tissue of the body stimulating growth by increasing the uptake of amino acids and protein

Question 48

Luteinizing- hormones

Answer 48

Stimulates the release of testosterone. In females it targets the ovaries causing ovulation and development. Corpus luteum

Question 49

Prolactin

Answer 49

Which targets the mammary glands to stimulate development during pregnancy

Question 50

Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Answer 50

Targets the thyroid gland and stimulated the release of tyroxine.

Question 51

Epidermal layer

Answer 51

Stratum corneum keratin Stratum lucidim nose and foot pad Stratum granulosum the nuclei of the cell is shrunken Stratum spinosum nuclei Stratum basal mitosis

Question 52

Dense connective tissue

Answer 52

Strength in tendons Muscle to bone

Question 53

Loss connective tissue

Answer 53

Surrounds organs and provide support. Connects skin to underlying tissue

Question 54

Cartilage cells

Answer 54

Hyaline - c shaped wings found in the trechea Elestic- found in the pinna and epiglottis Fibro- strong cartilage supportive found in shoulder and hips Holds bones on articulate sockets

Question 55

Cells in bones

Answer 55

Osteoblast- immature cells which can synthesise osteoid. Osteocytes - mature cells that maintain bone structure Osteoclasts- cells that can breakdown and remodel bone

Question 56

Layer covering horse hoof

Answer 56

Peripole

Question 57

V shape structure

Answer 57

The frog

Question 58

Horse sole and wall junction

Answer 58

White line

Question 59

Front pads

Answer 59

7 pads

Question 60

Hind pads

Answer 60

5

Question 61

Compact bone

Answer 61

Found outside of the bon

Question 62

Cell membrane is made up of

Answer 62

Phospholipid Bilayer