Hurt v. harm; avoidance; fear avoidance model

Question 1

hurt v. harm:

Answer 1

• Hurt = physical sensation
• Harm = physical injury, damage, illness
• In acute pain, typically hurt DOES equal harm
• In chronic pain, typically hurt DOES NOT equal harm
• Acute pain is a symptom, chronic pain is a chronic condition

Question 2

Not understanding the difference between hurt and harm often leads patients to…

Answer 2

avoidance of activities and movement (termed kinesiophobia)

Question 3

Inactivity may lead to:

Answer 3

o Physical:
 Decreased flexibility and stamina; increased weakness and fatigue; spasms from tight muscles; increased risk of injury or increased pain; weight gain
o Psychological:
 Sadness, frustration, boredom

Question 4

Fear avoidance model: Catastrophizing -

Answer 4

Experience of pain may be interpreted as overly threatening) - contributes to fear of pain and may lead to avoidance of activities, guarding, and hypervigilance of body sensations potentially leading to disability and depression.

Question 5

Example of fear-avoidance model:

Answer 5

Behavioral factors (coping styles): Maladaptive…adaptive: Active (exercise, over-activity)->middle (relaxation, pacing)->passive (guarding, resting)