Hurst fluids and electrolytes (moved to FCH) Flashcards
Steroid, mineralocorticoid
Found in adrenal glands on top of the kidneys
Aldosterone
Alka-Seltzer, fleet enema, and IVF with sodium
3 Medications that contain plenty of sodium
Diseases with too much aldosterone include Cushing’s and conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
Disease with too little aldosterone is Addison’s disease
Aldosterone diseases
Found in atrium of the heart
works the opposite of aldosterone so it loses sodium and water
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
SIADH syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion – too much ADH
Diabetes insipidus- not enough ADH
2 ADH diseases
Hormone FOUND IN THE PITUITARY GLAND LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF THE FOREHEAD
Hormone replacements include vasopressin (Pitressin) or Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) used to treat diabetes insipidus
ADH
Craniotomy, head injury, sinus surgery, Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, or any condition that can lead to increased intracranial pressure
Conditions and procedures that can lead to an ADH problem
Measured at right atrium
More volume, more pressure
Central venous pressure
Crystalloids
Normal saline
lactated ringer’s
D5W
D51/4NS
Goes into the vascular space and stays there!
Fluid Stays where I put it!
Isotonic solutions
hydrating fluid
goes into the vascular space then shifts out into the cells to replace cellular fluid
they do not cause hypertension because they don’t stay in the vascular space
Fluid Gets out of vessel
examples include: D2.5W, 1/2NS, 0.33%NS
Hypotonic solutions
Colloid
Fluids enter the vessel
Volume expanders that will draw fluid into the vascular space from the cells
Examples: D10W, 3% normal saline, 5% normal saline, D5 LR, D5 1/2 normal saline, D5 normal saline, TPN, albumin
Hypertonic solutions
Like calcium, acts like A sedative Think muscles first Antacids contain plenty of this electrolyte Excreted by kidneys and GI tract Plenty contained in intestines Antidote is calcium gluconate
Magnesium
Antidote for magnesium toxicity
Calcium gluconate
Has inverse relationship with phosphorus
Direct relationship with parathyroid hormone PTH
Majority of kidney stones are made of this
Must have vitamin D to use this
Calcium
Phospho-Soda and fleet enema contain plenty of this
Has inverse relationship with calcium
Contained in anything with protein
Phosphorus
Pulls calcium from the bones and puts it into the blood, increasing serum calcium
has a direct relationship with calcium
Parathyroid hormone PTH
Suppresses ADH
hypertonic solution
makes you diurese
Alcohol
When you think of sodium, what physiological changes do you think of first?
Neuro changes
Excreted by the kidneys
Plentiful in the stomach and cells
Inverse relationship with sodium
With burn patients, burns kill cells and release potassium into the circulation, causing hyperkalemia
Potassium
Symptoms include muscle cramps and weakness
Metabolic alkalosis-as potassium goes down, acidity goes down
Hypokalemia
Starts with muscle twitching, proceeds to weakness, then flaccid paralysis
Metabolic acidosis- Potassium has a direct relationship with acidity
Expected with Burn patients
Hyperkalemia
Can lead to coma and death
Acidosis
Can lead to seizures and death
Alkalosis
Anywhere there is a vessel, there is a?
Nerve
When you think of fluid retention, what physiological problems do you think of first?
Heart problems
contains plenty of potassium
salt substitutes
what part of the body hates when the pH is messed up?
Brain
anything that requires energy breaks down into what?
acid
