General Medsurge Medications (moved to FCH) Flashcards
ADH replacements
treat diabetes insipidus
Vasopressin (Pitressin) Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)
Bumetanide (Bumex) furosemide (Lasix) Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide)- calcium Sparing Aldactone (potassium sparing) Mannitol
Diuretics
Drives calcium back into the bones, decreasing serum calcium
treats osteoporosis
Calcitonin
Antidote for magnesium
Calcium gluconate
sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel) Os-Cal calcium acetate (PhosLo) Treats hypocalcemia will bring serum calcium up
Phosphate binders
Carries potassium and glucose into the cell anytime you give insulin worry about hypokalemia and hypoglycemia
Glucose and insulin
Sodium and potassium have an inverse relationship. This medication will exchange sodium for potassium and bring potassium down the G.I. tract
treats hyperkalemia
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Contains plenty of magnesium
Aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphogel)
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesium)
Antacids
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)
H2 antagonist
Pantoprazole (protonix)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Proton pump inhibitors
decreases serum phosphorus levels, increasing calcium levels
aluminum hydroxide
phosphate binders - Sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel®), Calcium Acetate (PhosLo®)
enhances absorption of iron
vitamin C
vitamin found in animal products
vitamin B12
worry about client’s BUN or creatinine (these drugs cause nephrotoxicity)
worry about any hearing loss (these drugs cause ototoxicity, which is irreversible hearing loss)
-mycins
do not use dairy products with this medication because it reduces its effectiveness
can cause photosensitivity (use sunscreen)
worry about client’s BUN or creatinine (these drugs cause nephrotoxicity)
worry about any hearing loss (these drugs cause ototoxicity, which is irreversible hearing loss)
tetracycline (Sumycin)
sedative
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Can be absorbed systemically and can cause salicylism, which is characterized by dizziness and tinnitus, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances; salicylic acid is not applied to large surface areas or open wounds because of the risk of systemic effects.
Salicylic acid
systemic immunosuppressant
a. Reduces proliferation of epidermal cells
b. Can be toxic; causes gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea and ulcerative stomatitis and bone marrow depression leading to blood dyscrasias
c. Can be hepatotoxic; hepatic function should be monitored during therapy
Methotrexate
An immunosuppressant that inhibits proliferation of B and T cells
b. Can be toxic and cause kidney damage
c. Used for severe psoriasis and reserved for use in those who have not responded to safer medications
Cyclosporine (Neoral)
is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and is used to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed that the medication will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a normal reaction.
a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation).
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon)
can elevate triglyceride levels. is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensification of isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should be discontinued before
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. It is applied directly to the wound to assist in healing. It does not stain the skin. used for burns.
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
drug-drug interactions occur with anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemics, and antihypertensives, with which medications?
drug-drug interactions occur with NSAIDs
class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone mass, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases. anything that ends with -dronate Alendronate (Fosamax) Ibandronate (Boniva) Risedronate (Actonel)
Bisphosphonates
paclitaxel (Taxol), doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
chemotherapy drugs
