hurricanes!

Question 1

the eye of a hurricane has what kind of air pressure?

Answer 1

low!

Question 2

earths motion in the northern hemisphere is?

Answer 2

clockwise!

Question 3

how are tropical cyclones formed?

Answer 3

really low air pressure, water evaporates, cools off, change in energy carried by vapor, condenses into energy, carries up, and starts again

Question 4

what are the categories for hurricanes?

Answer 4

5 is strongest, one is weakest

Question 5

how many subtropical storm hits every other year in canada?

Answer 5

one

Question 6

how many storms in canada may develop into a hurricane?

Answer 6

some

Question 7

what was one of the deadliest hurricanes to impact canada?

Answer 7

hazel

Question 8

what was one of the most powerfull hurricanes to ever make landfall in canada?

Answer 8

juan

Question 9

why worry about coastal processes?

Answer 9

population is selectively living close to coastlines, which puts people more at risk
on average, population increasing, density increasing, and more of these people are choosing to live near the coast
more people want to live 0-5km from coastline

Question 10

what are factors that impact coastlines?

Answer 10

tectonic setting
materials present at the shore
energy of water striking coast

Question 11

what are the two categories of coastlines?

Answer 11

-land itself is rising from plate tectonics
-land itself is standing still

Question 12

what are the two margins?

Answer 12

active margin: associated with active plate (BC); mountainous
passive margin: far from active plate tectonics (pei, newfoundland); very flat!

Question 13

what are the signs of changing relative sea level?

Answer 13

wave-cut platform: form at coastlines
drowned valley

Question 14

how does slope affect flooding?

Answer 14

higher slope = less impact
lower slope = more impact

Question 15

what is a submergent coastline?

Answer 15

simple stream where land underneath it is sinking

Question 16

what is an emergent coastline

Answer 16

steps on the coastline that can be recognized

Question 17

what are the primary forces regulating natural shorline modification

Answer 17

waves and currents

Question 18

waves are induced by?

Answer 18

wind passes over water, wind drags on water surface, creates wave
faster wind, bigger space, bigger waves

Question 19

what is the wave base?

Answer 19

given size of wave on the surface, how deep does the energy go down?

Question 20

with waves, energy is carried, but water molecules?

Answer 20

stay put

Question 21

how are breakers formed

Answer 21

wave travels, water same place, bottom shallows to 1/2 wavelength, wave slows, length decreases, crest sharpens, at shore they are too step, break

Question 22

wave energy is approximately proportional to?

Answer 22

the square of wave height!
- wave increases 2m, the wave energy increases by 4

Question 23

what causes tides?

Answer 23

the gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the bulges in the oceans water mass

Question 24

what is a tidal flat?

Answer 24

exposed area after ebb tide moves out

Question 25

how do tides flow?

Answer 25

tide rise, water flows toward shore (flood tide), tide passes high stage and falls, ebb tide move out, tidal flat exposed

Question 26

what are longshore currents?

Answer 26

lateral component of wave motion, govern aspects of sand deposition occurring on beach shorelines

Question 27

what is littoral drift

Answer 27

waves at angle, sand grain moves along the shoreline in response

Question 28

what are the inputs of sand budgets on a beach?

Answer 28

• sediment erodes from backshore cliffs by waves
• sediments eroded from up-current beach by longshore drift and current
• sediment brought in by rivers

Question 29

what are the outputs of sand budgets on a beach

Answer 29

sediment transported to backshore dunes by offshore winds
sediments transported down-current by longshore drift and current
sediments transported to deep water by tidal currents and waves

Question 30

what are some artificial barriers to stabilize beaches from coastal erosion?

Answer 30

breakwaters
jetties
groins

Question 31

what is a storm surge?

Answer 31

an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted tides

Question 32

the impact on surge from water being forced between the shore by wind is

Answer 32

extreme

Question 33

how are tsunamis created

Answer 33

large earthquakes below or near ocean floor
transfer all energy towards shoreline, like a hurricane

Question 34

what was one of the tsunami impact sites?

Answer 34

chicxulub asteroid impact near yutcatan peninsuala produced by a global tsunami
first 15-20 minutes after impact, creating wave at least 10m high

Question 35

what is believed to happen to sea level in atlantic canada? what about coastal erosion?

Answer 35

sea level continue to rise
coastal erosion will increase dramatically as sea level rises

Question 36

what is the effect of sea level rise on the risk of flooding?

Answer 36

-climate warming leads to sea level rise that will exacerbate (increase) hurricane damage

-calculation is only based on only sea level rise, not change in storm intensity nor frequency

-what used to happen every 100 years is now going to happen every 65 years as sea level rises

Question 37

number of storms is ____ going to change, but the intensity, the season they occur, and the trjactory of the storms _____

Answer 37

not; will