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Biopsychology > Hunger and Eating > Flashcards

Hunger and Eating Flashcards

1
Q
  • is the gastrointestinal process of breaking down food and absorbing its constituents into the body
  • is the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth and cell repair needed to survive
A

digestion

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2
Q

this is where digested food are absorbed going to the blood stream

A

duodenum

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3
Q

reservoir that stores carbohydrates

A

short-term reservoir

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4
Q

reservoir that stores fats

A

long-term reservoir

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5
Q

consists of adipose tissue (fat tissue). This reservoir is filled with fats or, more precisely, with triglycerides

A

long-term reservoir

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6
Q

simple sugar

A

glucose

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7
Q

stored in liver and muscles

A

glycogen

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8
Q

hormones secreted by pancreas decreases blood glucose levels

A

insulin

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9
Q

increases blood glucose levels

A

glucagon

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10
Q

3 phases of metabolism

A
  1. cephalic phase
  2. absorptive phase
  3. fasting phase
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11
Q

the preparatory phase; it often begins with the sight, smell, or even just the thought of food, and it ends when the food starts to be absorbed into the bloodstream

A

cephalic phase

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12
Q

the period during which the energy absorbed into the bloodstream from the meal is meeting the body’s immediate energy needs

A

absorptive phase

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13
Q

the period during which all of the unstored energy from the previous meal has been used and the body is withdrawing energy from its reserves to meet its immediate energy requirements; it ends with the beginning of the next cephalic phase

A

fasting phase

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14
Q

what does the cephalic and absorptive phase promotes?

A
  • utilization of blood glucose as a source of energy
  • conversion of excess glucose to glycogen and fat
  • conversion of amino acids to proteins
  • storage of glycogen in liver and muscle, fat in adipose tissue and protein in muscle
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14
Q

what does the cephalic and absorptive phase inhibits?

A

conversion of glycogen, fat and protein into directly utilizable fuels (glucose, free fatty acids, ketones)

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15
Q

in cephalic phase and absorptive phase, insulin levels are ___ and glucagon levels are ___

A

insulin levels are high, glucagon levels are low

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16
Q

what does the fasting phase promotes?

A
  • conversion of fats to free fatty acids and the utilization of free fatty acids as a source of energy
  • conversion of glycogen to glucose, free fatty acids to ketones, and protein to glucose
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17
Q

what does the fasting phase inhibits?

A
  • utilization of glucose by the body but not by the brain
  • conversion of glucose to glycogen and fat, and amino acids to protein
  • storage of fat in adipose tissue
18
Q

hormone that signals the brain that the stomach is empty

A

ghrelin

19
Q

Most people attribute hunger to the presence of an energy deficit, and they view eating as the means by which the energy resources of the body are returned to their optimal level—that is, to the energy set point

A

set point assumption

20
Q

The idea being that we become hungry when our blood glucose levels drop significantly below their set point and that we become satiated when eating returns our blood glucose levels to their set point

A

glucostatic theory

21
Q

Every person has a set point for body fat, and deviations from this set point produce compensatory adjustments in the level of eating that return levels of body fat to their set point

A

lipostatic theory

22
Q

That humans and other animals are not normally driven to eat by internal energy deficits but are drawn to eat by the anticipated pleasure of eating

A

positive incentive theory

23
Q

Responsible for regulating a variety of physiological processes and behavioral activities such as digestion, sensory perception, sleep, stress induction, reproduction, growth and development

A

hormones

24
Q

Guides primary and secondary sexual characteristics as well as behavioral characteristics that distinguish us as either male or female

A

hormones

25
Q

types of hormones

A
  • amino acid derivatives
  • peptides and proteins
  • steroids
26
Q

melatonin

A

amino acid derivatives

27
Q

insulin and glucagon

A

peptides and proteins

28
Q

sex hormones

A

steroids

29
Q

androgen

A

testosterone

30
Q

estrogen

A

estradiol

31
Q

is frequently referred to as the master gland because most of its hormones are tropic hormones

A

pituitary gland

32
Q

primary function is to influence the release of hormones from other glands

A

tropic hormones

33
Q

Union of sperm cell and egg cell to form a zygote

A

fertilization

34
Q

responsible for masculinization

A

testosterone

35
Q

responsible for feminization

A

estrogen

36
Q

differences between the brain of males and females

A
  • Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus of the hypothalamus
  • Number of neural and glial cells
  • Number and types of synapses.
37
Q

a period of 12 to 18 hours during which the female is fertile, receptive, proceptive, and sexually attractive.

A

estrus

38
Q

the cycle of sexual receptivity in female rats and guinea pigs and in many other mammalian species suggests that female sexual behavior in these species is under hormonal control

A

estrous cycle

39
Q

mediates the most complex aspects of sexual experience

A

cortex

40
Q

associated with the anticipation and experience of sexual activity and other pleasurable activities

A

ventral striatum

41
Q
  • the ventromedial nucleus plays a role in female sexual behavior
  • the medial preoptic area plays a role in male sexual behavior
A

hypothalamus

42
Q

plays a role in the identification of potential mating partner

A

amygdala

Biopsychology (3 decks)

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