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Eastern Europe Wine > Hungary > Flashcards

Hungary Flashcards

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1
Q

The Tokaj region is in the NE corner of Hungary at the confluence of what two rivers?

A

Tisza and Bodrog Rivers

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2
Q

What was the Tokaj region formerly known as?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja, or Tokaj “foothills”

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3
Q

What is Tokaj-Hegyalja?

A

Tokaj “foothills”

  • Tokaj region formerly known as Tokaj-Hegyalja
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4
Q

In what year did Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimit 28 villages in the region of Tokaj?

A

1700

  • One of the 1st in modern Europe to undergo vineyard classification
  • Started golden age for wine that lasted 2 centuries
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5
Q

Who delimited 28 villages of Tokaj in 1700?

A

Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy

  • One of 1st in modern Europe to undergo vineyard classification
  • Started golden age for wine that lasted 2 centuries
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6
Q

In what year was the final legal recognition of Tokaj?

A

1772

  • 1700 - Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimits 28 villages
  • 1732 - some sources date Tokaj’s classification
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7
Q

What is aszú?

A

grapes of high sugar levels afflicted botrytis cinera

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8
Q

When did aszú wines first start to appear in Tokaj?

A
  • Appears in works published as early as 1571
  • Szepi Laczkó Máté definitely produced botrytis-affected aszú wine by mid-17th century
  • Predated botrytised wines of Germany and probably Sauternes
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9
Q

Name four estates that are leading the way in restoring Tokaj to its former glory.

A
  • Royal Tokaji Company
  • Vega Sicila’s Tokaj Oremus
  • Disnókõ
  • Királyudar
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10
Q

What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?

A
  • Tokaj - name of overall region and the commune at the convergence of the two rivers
  • Tokaji - adjectival form used to indicate the wine
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11
Q

Tokaj is sheltered by what mountain range?

A

Carpathian Mountains

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12
Q

What is the climate in Tokaj?

A

warm continental - long, humid autumns

  • Sheltered by Capathian Mountains
  • Perfect encouragement for botrytis

-

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13
Q

What are the soils of Tokaj?

A

predominantly volcanic loess and clay

  • Better vineyards on S-facing slope
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14
Q

What is the Tokaj Renaissance?

A

Producer’s association - devoted to the protection of Rákóczy’s original classification which divided Tokaj vineyards and neighboring villages into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths

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15
Q

How many vineyards are recognized as first growths?

A

74

  • Great First Growths:
    • Szarvas - near Tokaj
    • Mézes Mály - near Tarcal
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16
Q

Name a Great First Growth located near the commune of Tokaj?

A

Szarvas

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17
Q

Name a Great First Growth near the commune of Tarcal?

A

Mézes Mály

  • Tarcal - NE Hungary, W of Tokaj
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18
Q

What are the two principal grapes of Tokaj?

A
  • Furmint
  • Hárslevelu
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19
Q

Besides Furmint and Hárslevelu, what are four other authorized grapes for Tokaj?

A
  • Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains)
  • Zéta (Oremus)
  • Kabar
  • Kövérszolo
    • All authorized, but used in small quantities
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20
Q

What is Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains known as in Tokaj?

A

Sárgamuskotály

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21
Q

How much will a puttony hold?

A

25 kg

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22
Q

What is Esszencia?

A

Esszencia - tiny fraction of syrupy, free-run juice allowed to settle out of the aszú, and vinified separately

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23
Q

What happens to aszú after they allow a little free run juice to settle out of the must?

A
  • Aszú is then trampled into a paste, or dough
  • A number of puttony containing aszú paste is mixed with gönci barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes
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24
Q

What is a gönc?

A

gönc - Hungarian oak cask, common in Tokaj, appx 136 L

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25
Q

What determines the final sweetness of a Tokaji Aszú wine?

A
  • The number of puttony added to a gönc (136 L Hungarian oak cask)
26
Q

When were the revisions that eliminated the 3-6 puttonyos labeling?

A
  • Eliminated in time for the 2013 harvest
    • Modern Tokaj Aszú is simply laved “Aszú”
27
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tokaj Aszú?

A
  • 3 yrs
  • min 18 mo barrel
28
Q

What is the min rs required for the must of Tokaj Aszú?

A

120 g/l rs

29
Q

What is the min alcohol required for Tokaj Aszú?

A

min alc 9%

30
Q

How much residual sugar is found in Esszencia?

A

450 g/l rs

  • Richer than honey
31
Q

How long does it take Esszencia to ferment?

A
  • Sometimes decades
  • Just to reach 4-6% alcohol
32
Q

What is Tokaji Szamorodni?

A

Tokaji Szamorodni (“as it comes”)

  • prod from mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes
  • often oxidative
  • min 2 years in cask
  • sometimes under film-forming yeast similar to flor
  • may be édes (sweet) or szára (dry)
33
Q

What is édes?

A

édes = sweet

  • vs száras (dry)
  • Labeling for Tokai Szamorodni
34
Q

Wat does száras mean?

A

száras = dry

  • vs édes (sweet)
  • Labeling for Tokaji Szamorodni
35
Q

What is Fordítás?

A
  • Fordítás - product of refermenting wine w/ pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú
  • vs Máslás - refermenting w/ spent lees
36
Q

What is Máslás?

A

Máslás - product of refermenting wine w/ spent lees of Tokaji Aszú

  • vs Fordítás - refermenting w/ pressed paste
37
Q

Who is István Szepsy?

A

István Szepsy

  • Talented Hungarian winemaker
  • Key figure in est. of Hugh Johnson’s Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar
  • Founding member of Circle of Mád - small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
38
Q

What is the difference between Fordítás and Máslás?

A
  • Fordítás - refermenting w/ pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú
  • Máslás - refermenting w/ spent lees of Tokaji Aszú
39
Q

What is Cirlce of Mád?; name a founding member.

A
  • Circle of Mád - small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
  • István Szepsy - winemaker, key figure in est. of Hugh Johnson’s Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar
40
Q

As of what year, are all other countries in the European Union prohibited from using the term “Tokaj” or its derivatives (Tokay, Tocai)?

A

2007

  • Pinot Gris in Alsace no longer Tokay d’Alsace
  • Friulano in Italy no longer Tocai Friulano
41
Q

In 2000, two decades after the fall of communism, how many wine appellations were identified in Hungary?

A

22 wine appellations

  • w/ recent EU reforms - now 30 PDO, 5 PGI
42
Q

In what year were 22 wine appellations identified in Hungary?

A

2000

  • Two decades after the fall of communism
  • w/ recent EU reforms 30 PDO, 5 PGI
43
Q

With recent EU reforms, how may regions qualify for PDO status?; how many PGI?

A
  • In 2000 - 22 appellations identified
  • Now: 30 PDO, 5 PGI
44
Q

30 PDOs and 5 PGIs are divided among what 3 major geographical zones?

A
  • North Hungary
  • Transdanubia - W
  • Great Plain - S
45
Q

In what major geographical zone are Tokaj and Eger located?

A

North Hungary

46
Q

Eger is famous for what?

A

Egri Bikavér - the “Bull’s Blood of Eger”

  • historically - dom by Kadarka - indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied, not particularly sanguine grape
  • modern - blend of at least 3 varieties - Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) plus Hungarian and Intern grapes
47
Q

What 2 regions are permitted to use the term “Bikavér” (“Bull’s Blood”)?

A
  • Eger
  • Szekszárd
48
Q

Egri Bikavér (“Bull’s blood of Eger”) is historically dominated by what grape?

A

Kadarka

  • Indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied, nto particulary sanguine
  • vs modern Egri Bikavér - blend of at least 3 varieties - Kékfrankos plus Hungarian and International
49
Q

Modern Egri Bikavér (“Bull’s Blood of Eger”) is made with what grape (s)?

A
  • blend of at least 3 varieties, Kékfrankos (Blaufrankisch) plus Hungarian and International
  • vs. historically - dom by Kadarka - indigenous low-tannin, light-bodied, not particularly sanguine
50
Q

Badacsony and Balatonfüred-Csopak are regions in Transdanubia (W) located on the shores of what lake?

A

Lake Balaton

  • One of Europe’s largest lakes
51
Q

Where is Somló located within Hungary?

A

Northwest - Somló

  • On slopes of extint volcano
52
Q

Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak and Somló are dominated by white wine production from what 3 grapes?

A
  • Furmint
  • Juhfark
  • Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)
    • in Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak, and Somló
53
Q

Are Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak, and Somló dominated by white or red wine production?

A

white wines - Badacsony, Balatonfüred, Somló

  • Furmint
  • Juhark
  • Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)
54
Q

What is Hungary’s hottest region?

A

Villány

  • Southern Croatian border
  • Quality from Bordeaux varieties, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
55
Q

Where is Villány located?; what type of wine is Villány known for?

A

Villány

  • Southern Croatian border
  • Hungary’s hottest region
  • Quality from Bordeaux varietals, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
56
Q

What is Blauer Portugieser known as in Hungary?; where are you likely to find it?

A
  • Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
  • Villány
    • Along southern Croatian border
    • Hungary’s hottest region
    • Good quality also from Bordeaux vaietals and Kékfrankos
57
Q

Where is Sopron?; what grape is it most associated with?

A

Sopron

  • Contiguous w/ Austria’s Burgenland (NW Hungary)
  • Kékfrankos is cultivated on both sides of border
58
Q

Where is red wine more common?

A

Extreme North and South of Transdanubia

59
Q

What is Hungary’s largest region?

A

Kunság

  • Located in the Great Plain
  • Sizeable amount of mass production white wine (some reds) from indigenous grapes
60
Q

What are the soils of the Great Plain?

A

sandy soils

  • Welcome habitat after phylloxera struck in the 19th centruy
  • Great plain contains a majority of Hungar’s acreage under vine
61
Q

What is the majority of production from the Great Plain?

A

Great Plain (east of Transdanbia)

  • Every day quality, consumed locally
  • Sandy soils - welcome habitat post phylloxera
  • Kunság - Hungary’s largest region, sizeable mass white prod w/ some red from indigenous
62
Q

Where is the Great Plain in relation to Transdanubia?

A

Great plain is east of Transdanubia

Eastern Europe Wine (7 decks)

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