Humoral Immune Response

Question 1

Humoral immune response always starts with

Answer 1

Antigen recognition

Question 2

In T-dependent antibody response, what is one important component

Answer 2

T helper cells

Question 3

two kinds of humoral immune response

Answer 3

t-dependent and t-independent

Question 4

QC: Antibody production: a. primary antibody response b. secondary antibody response

Answer 4

a<b

Question 5

t-independent humoral immune response usually produces what antibodies

Answer 5

IgM

Question 6

initial exposure involves the naive b cells getting activated which produces

Answer 6

short-lived plasma cells in the form of IgM

Question 7

Repeat infection

Answer 7

Secondary antibody response

Question 8

secondary antibody response stimulates

Answer 8

memory b cells

Question 9

primary response is induced by

Answer 9

all immunogens

Question 10

which has higher affinity

Answer 10

secondaru immune response

Question 11

what initiates b cell activation

Answer 11

antigens (just like t-cell mediated responses)

Question 12

T or F. Antigens that elicit antibody response may vary in size and composition, and may be bound to antibodies or free.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T or F. the major pathways of antigen delivery may vary for different kinds of antigens

Answer 13

True

Question 14

two key roles of BCR in B cell activation

Answer 14

1. Binding of antigen to the receptor in order to deliver the biochemical signals to the B cells to initiate the process of activation
2. The receptor internalizaes the bound antigen into the endosomal vesicles, and if the antigen is a protein, it is processed into peptides that may be presented on the B cell surface for recognition of Th cells

Question 15

BCR is composed of

Answer 15

membrane Ig molcules
associated Ig alpha and Ig beta molecules

Question 16

T or F. B cell is not an APC

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What does toll-like receptors identify

Answer 17

PAMPs

Question 18

B cell activation is facilitated by what coreceptors

Answer 18

BCR and CR2

Question 19

BCR signaling and Enhancement of BCR signaling by CR2/ TLR signaling leads to

Answer 19

Proliferation and Differentiation of B cells

Question 20

name one complement protein/fragment that is bounded on the antigen which are first recognized by the BCR receptors

Answer 20

C3d

Question 21

second signal comes from

Answer 21

CD2/ TLRs

Question 22

T or F. C3d complement system is received by

Answer 22

CR2 coreceptor - secondary effect

Question 23

increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins

Answer 23

increased survival of B cells

Question 24

Increased expression of receptors for T-cells cytokine

Answer 24

Increased responsiveness to signals from T-cells

Question 25

Increased expression of B7 costimulators

Answer 25

enhanced ability to activate Helper T cells

Question 26

What trains the B cells

Answer 26

Follicular Helper T cells

Question 27

In the migration of T-helper cells, once activated by MHC II complex of dendritic cells, ____ increases while ___ decreases which leads to the migration of Th to the edge of the follicle

Answer 27

CXCR5 increase; CCR7 decrease

Question 28

In migration of B cells once activated by antigens into the edge of the follicle, what increases

Answer 28

CCR7

Question 29

T or F. In the third step, upon activation, helper T-cells express CD40L which engages its receptor, CD40, on antigen-stimulated B cells and induces B cell proliferation and differentiation

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Initially-
Later -

Answer 30

Extrafollicular Foci; Germinal centers

Question 31

in extrafollicular b cell activation, what is produced

Answer 31

short-lived plasma cells

Question 32

Extrafollicular foci b cells also generate ___ which will migrate into the germinal centers

Answer 32

Follicular Helper T cells

Question 33

Affinity maturation, Isotype switching, and generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory b cells occur where

Answer 33

Germinal centers within lymphoid follicles

Question 34

Germinal centers develop
approximately ___ after the initiation of a
T-dependent b cell response

Answer 34

4-7 days