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Midterm 2021 > Humidity And Aerosol > Flashcards

Humidity And Aerosol Flashcards

1
Q

What is humidity

A

Water in the gaseous state

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2
Q

What is the maximum amount of water vapor present in a gas

A

44 mg/L absolute humidity

47 mmHg partial pressure

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3
Q

Humidity therapy

Actual weight of water vapor contained in a given volume of gas is expressed in

A

Mg/L or g/cu.m.

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4
Q

At body temperature, what is our absolute humidity

A

44 mg/L

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5
Q

Absolute humidity =

A

RH X capacity (must be given : except know at 37 degrees Celsius absolute humidity is 44 mg/L)

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6
Q

How is. RH (relative humidity) expressed and obtained

A

Expressed as a percentage, obtained with a hygrometer

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7
Q

Formula for RH

A

Absolute humidity/ capacity

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8
Q

Partial pressure of water vapor at 37 degrees C is

A

47 mmHg (torr)

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9
Q

What is humidity deficit

A

The physiological term that refers to the difference between the inspired gas’s water content and the water content of a gas at body temperature and pressure.

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10
Q

Formula for humidity deficit

A

Body humidity (44mg/L) - actual (absolute humidity)

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11
Q

Causes of humidity deficit

A

Retention of secretions (increased Raw)

Airway mucus plugging

Obstruction of the airway

Infection

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12
Q

What do less that body humidity secretions tend to do

A

Dry, making them thicker and more difficult to mobilize

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13
Q

Humidity therapy primary indication

A

To humidify dry inspired gases

To overcome the humidity deficit when the upper airway is bypassed

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14
Q

Factors influencing humidity therapy

A

Temperature
Surface area
Contact time

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15
Q

How often should heated humidifiers be replaced

A

Every 24 hours

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16
Q

How much humidity are heated humidifiers capable of delivering

A

100 % body humidity

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17
Q

Are nosocomial infections caused by humidifiers

A

No, because molecular water is too small to carry bacteria

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18
Q

Bubble humidifier pop offs at

A

2 psi, 40 lpm

19
Q

How much humidity can a bubble humidifier deliver

A

35-40% body humidity

20
Q

What happens if humidifier is ran dry

A

The thermostat automatically shuts off

21
Q

Heat and moisture exchanger

A

Under ideal conditions, the HME can produce 70-90% body humidity

22
Q

What should you do if patients secretions begin to thicken while using the HME

A

The HME should be changed to a heated humidifier

23
Q

Contraindications of heat and moisture exchanger

A

Thick copious / bloody secretions

Increased Raw

Low exhaled Vt

Body temp < 32 degrees C

High minute volume

During in line medicated nebulizer treatments

24
Q

Troubleshooting humidity therapy

If secretions are becoming thicker and harder to suction you should

A

Add heater

Replace humidifier (especially HME ) with conventional heated humidifier.

25
Q

How often should the humidifier be changed

A

Every 24 hours

26
Q

Indications for aerosol therapy

A

Upper airway edema

Deliver medications

Post extubation edema

Post op management of upper airway

Bypassed upper airway

Sputum induction

27
Q

Contraindications of aerosol therapy

A

Bronchoconstriction

History of airway hyperresponsiveness

28
Q

Hazards of aerosol therapy

A

Wheezing or bronchospasms

Bronchoconstriction when artificial airway used

Infection

Overhydration

Patient discomfort

Swelling of dried retained secretions

Exposure to airborne pathogens

29
Q

Aerosol face mask delivers

A

21-100% o2 with flow rates of 8-15 lpm

30
Q

Face tent delivers

A

21-40% with flow rates of 8-15 lpm

31
Q

Tracheostomy collar delivers

A

35-60% O2 with flowrate of 8-115 lpm

Mist should be visible at all times. Even during inspiration to ensure adequate flowrates

32
Q

T-pieces (Briggs adaptors) deliver

A

21-40% O2 with flowrates at 8-15lpm

A 50 - ml reservoir (6 in.) should always be attached to the distal end of the T-piece, otherwise FiO2 will be reduced

Mist should be visible at all times

33
Q

Tents deliver

A

21-50% o2 with flowrates of 8-15 lpm

34
Q

Large volume nebulizers working principle

A

Bernoulli (uses capillary tube (Venturi, Pitot))

35
Q

Large volume nebulizer aerosol size

A

Nebulizers produce about 50% of their particles in the 0.5 to 3 ug size range

36
Q

Small volume nebulizer ideal breathing pattern

A

Tidal breathing through mouth with occasional slow, deep inspirations through the mouth. Breath hold (5-10 seconds) slow passive expiration

37
Q

How long should you shake MDI for

A

5-10 seconds then discharge one dose if inhaler hasn’t been used in over 24 hours

38
Q

How do you inhale MDI.

A

Begin to breathe in slowly through open mouth while actuating inhaler. Inspiration should take three to four seconds

39
Q

Ultrasonic nebulizer signal frequency determines

A

The particle size

40
Q

What does the signal amplitude determine on an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN)

A

Amount of mist

Couplant usually contains tap water

90% of the aerosol particles produced fall within the 0.5 to 3.0 ug range.

41
Q

Aerosol therapy trouble shooting

If an aerosol producing device (nebulizer) is producing very little mist what should you do

A

Check the nebulizer jet for clogs

Check the capillary tube and/or the filter on the capillary tube for clogs

42
Q

How often should heated nebulizers be replaced and why

A

Every 12-24 hours because they are. The greatest source of delivery of contaminated moisture to the patients.

Pseudomonas species are the most common contaminant

43
Q

Aerosol therapy trouble shooting

Keeping water drained out of the aerosol tubing will prevent

A

Increasing the delivered FiO2

Decreased the total gas flow to the patient

Decrease aerosol output

Never drain accumulated water in the aerosol tubing back into nebulizer.

Midterm 2021 (5 decks)

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