Humanities (Music) Flashcards
14th through 17th century Europe was known as the ________.
Renaissance
• Major players include Leonardo de Vinci, Galileo, and William Shakespeare.
_________ _____ are traditional Latin worship music in the Roman Catholic Church.
Gregorian chants
• Sung in Union, most chants hold a single syllable across multiple notes.
________ was a music style popular from the 16th to the 18th century, introducing harmony and replacing modes in church music.
Baroque
- Initially began as an alternative to get away from polyphony (several melodies woven together as one, with no park taking precedence), the Baroque music period led to the development of major and minor tones that replaced outdated modes in music.
- Bach was a major Baroque developer.
A ________ is an unharmonized chant, frequently called a Gregorian Chant.
Plainsong
• Originating from Greek music theory, plain songs were the basis for polyphony. The official music of the Catholic Church Mass, and the Psalms are sung as plain songs.
How many modes serves as the foundation for plain songs?
Eight
• These modes, or arrangements of notes in a scale, were eventually rearranged as major and minor modes in the 16th century.
________ music is monodic, with tones equal to one-fourth of a full Western tone.
Hindu
• In India, accompanied music is considered the greatest type of music.
Developed in India, the _______ has three to seven gut strings and 12 wire strings.
Sitar
•Since the 1960s, the sitar has also become a widely-used instrument in Western music.
With its characteristics model homophony and rhythm, _______ music increased to 12 tones in the 11th century an 17 tones in the 13th century.
Arabic
• The main instruments of Arabic music are the tanner, a long-necked lute, and the ud, a short-necked lute.
Mainly using the organ, _______ music was originally considered a spin-off on Greek music, but was then recognized as its own independent form.
Byzantine
• Along with the organ, the Greek instruments the kithara and the aulos are also frequently used accompaniment.
The main Byzantine hymn, the _________, is made up of nine odes to reference the nine canticles of the Old and New Testaments.
Kanon
A series of tones ordered by pitch is called a ________.
Scale
• Each type of music has its own unique identifying scale system, most of which continue to change as composers discover new needs.
There is usually a word at the beginning of a piece of classical music telling the performer the approximate speed the piece should be played at. Allegro and Presto are two different instruction words generally indicating a _________ speed.
Fast
• Allegro indicates a quick, lively speed. Presto indicates an even faster speed. On the other hand, Adagio or Andante would indicate a slow, leisurely speed.
_________ refers to the work system of a piano tuner.
Temperament
• Temperament is the distribution of impurities to bring the instrument’s sound as close to others’ as possible.
To indicate a piece uses the C major scale, one says it is the _______ of C major.
Key
• Concept was not developed until the 17th century.
Using two, or more, keys at the same time is known as _________.
Polytonality
Avoiding a tonal center in a musical piece is known as __________.
Atonality
Composer ___________ created the tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen.
Richard Wagner
Die Meistersinger Von Nurnberg was Wagner’s only ________ opera.
Comedic
• Wagner composed this piece after abandoning Der Ring des Nibelungen, believing the collection would never be performed.
_________ created the symphonic poem. And composed The Faust Symphony and The Dante Symphony.
Franz Liszt
• His daughter later married composer Richard Wagner
Mozart once claimed that rival composer _______ tried to poison him.
Antonio Salieri
Legendary Italian violinist ________ revived the practice of scordatura.
Niccolo Paganini
• Credited with perfecting double and triple stops.
French composer _________ debuted Symphonie fantasique in 1839, and later Romeo and Juliet and Benvenuto Cellini.
Louis-Hector Berlioz
_________ music tells a story and requires a textual accompaniment for the audience to understand.
Program
• In contrast, absolute music is not written to follow a story
An instrumental piece with no vocal accompaniment was first known as _________.
Sonata
• A piece with both voice and instruments is a cantata.
German composer _________ had a distinctly romantic style that shows Don Juan (1888) and Death and Transfiguration.
Richard Strauss
• Briefly chief of Musical affairs for the Nazis from 1933 to 1935
________’s first operatic masterpiece was Wozzeck.
Alban Berg
The first harmonic of a tone is perceived as ________.
Pitch
• Symbolized by a letter name and represents the frequency of vibrations the instruments should make.
A musical composition with a chorus, orchestra, and solo parts is a _________.
Oratorio
