Humanistic-Existential Approaches 2 Flashcards
What do HEPs lack?
Evidence
What ‘Common Factors’ are most frequently studied?
Accurate empathy, positive regard, congruence or genuineness
Is there growing support for HEPs?
Yes, especially with depression
Which 2 therapy techniques are equally effective in reducing depressive symptoms at 4 months?
Person-centred therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Patients in which group are more satisfied with treatment at 12 months?
Person-Centred Therapy
When is counselling included as an option?
With first- line treatment for new episodes of less- and more-severe depression
What are some interventions for less-severe depression?
Guided self-help, Group exercise and Counselling
What are some interventions for more-severe depression?
CBT, Antidepressant medication and short term psychodynamic psychotherapy
Define School-based Humanistic Counselling
Non-directive, based on work of Rogers
What does SBHC assume?
Distress is brought about by acting in accordance with extrinsic demands rather than intrinsic authentic needs
What does SBHC promote?
Self-awareness, self-acceptance and actualisation
What type of demographic is SBHC for?
Young people, 13-16, experiencing moderate-high psychological distress
What did McArthur et al. find with SBHC?
It may be effective in reducing psychological distress
What is two limitations from McArthur et al.’s study?
Small sample and lacks diversity
What did Pearce et al. find in a more ethically-diverse sample of McArthur et al.’s study?
It supported it but only short-term effectiveness was demonstrated
What did Freire et al. find in relation to McArthur et al.’s study?
There were observable improvements at 6 months
What ethical obligation is there for psychotherapists?
To develop cultural sensitivity
What can minority groups experience? What can this lead to?
Prejudice and marginalisation, leading to poor mental health
What worldview do western psychotherapies support? What can this lead to?
Monocultural worldview, can lead to ethnocentrism
Define worldview
How individuals define themselves and how they relate to others
What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- individualism (western)?
Collectivism
What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- cognitivism (western)?
Emotionalism
What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- free will (western)?
Determinism
What core value is distinguished in eastern cultures- materialism (western)?
Spiritualism
What is Derald Sue known for?
Work on micro aggressions and implicit racial bias
In regards to therapy, what is cultural oppression?
Traditional Eurocentric therapeutic approaches which can be harmful to culturally diverse groups
What do monocultural views neglect?
Multicultural worldviews
What does monocultural views fail to consider?
Historical & sociopolitical contexts- ignores the role of power and privilege
What does monocultural views resist?
It resists change as preserve status quo
What does multicultural views embrace?
Diversity
What does multicultural views examine?
Own and clients’ worldview
What does multicultural views consider?
Power differences based on intersecting diversity characteristics
What does multicultural views embrace and promote?
Change by promoting empowerment and social justice
What are 3 ways of addressing the issue of culturally-relevant psychotherapy?
More engagement with non-western approaches, adapt existing mainstream therapies to be more culturally sensitive and therapists developing multicultural competencies
What does meditation consist of?
Mindfulness of breathing and awareness
Where does meditation root from?
Hinduism, Taoism and Buddhism
What does meditation show in regards to stress?
Reduction of psychological stress
What is Naikan Therapy?
In Japanese Buddhism, you find meaning, feel and show gratitude
Does Naikan Therapy improve wellbeing?
Yes
What should you do during PCT in regards to culture?
Listen carefully to culturally-relevant cues and ask clients to help therapist’s understanding of cultural context
What are some potential barriers with PCT in regards to culture?
Therapists as ‘experts’ to give direction, clients reluctant to talk about problems outside family
What are the 3 main components of multicultural counselling competencies?
Awareness of own assumptions, values and biases; Understanding worldview of culturally different clients; Developing appropriate strategies/techniques
What do dominant monocultural approaches lead to?
Disempower marginalised groups if therapists are unaware of their own biases
In regards to consciousness, what is Microassault?
Conscious
In regards to consciousness, what is Microinsult and Microinvalidations?
Unconscious
Define cultural humility
Awareness of position in relation to power and privilege
What does understanding the worldview of culturally different clients consist of?
Cultural experiences/ historical backgrounds, oppressive environmental influences
What does developing appropriate strategies in regards to culture therapies consist of?
Verbal & non-verbal communication and tailoring a therapeutic relationship
What do clients rating their therapists as culturally humble also report?
Better therapy outcomes
What is the Dodo Bird Effect?
The finding that different types of therapies lead to comparable sized effects in outcomes
