Humanistic approach

Question 1

hierarchy of needs (bottom to top);

Answer 1

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualisation,

Question 2

free will

Answer 2

the idea that humans can make choices that are not determined by biological factors or external forces

Question 3

Abraham Maslow

Answer 3

• interested in finding out what could go right with people
• his hierarchy emphasised the importance of personal growth and fulfilment
• opened the door for later movements such as positive psych and happiness

Question 4

what do humanists claim?

Answer 4

that humans are self determining and have free will- we are active agents who have the ability to determine our own future

Question 5

self-actualisation

Answer 5

morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

Question 6

esteem

Answer 6

self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others and respect by others

Question 7

love/belonging

Answer 7

friendship, family, sexual intimacy

Question 8

safety

Answer 8

security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property

Question 9

physiological

Answer 9

breathing, water, food, sleep, sex, homeostasis, excretion

Question 10

personal growth

Answer 10

concerned with developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled, satisfied, and goal-oriented
- psych barriers may prevent a person from reaching their full potential

Question 11

why do we need unconditional positive regard?

Answer 11

• humans have a basic need to be nurtured and valued by sig others
• unconditional positive regard develops a healthy sense of self worth

Question 12

unconditional positive regard

Answer 12

when love is given freely without conditions

Question 13

Carl Rogers beliefs

Answer 13

• individuals strive to achieve their ideal selves because they’re motivated towards self improvement
• humanism focuses on healthy growth

Question 14

a sense of well being (congruence)

Answer 14

a healthy sense of well being is established when an individual maintains a reasonable consistency between the ideal self and actual behaviour

Question 15

incongruence

Answer 15

increases when the gap between the ideal self and actual self becomes greater
- can be increased by defense mechanisms not allowing the self to form
- can lead to low self-worth and maladjustment

Question 16

aims of client-centred therapy

Answer 16

developed by Carl Rogers
to reduce incongruence

Question 17

conditions of worth

Answer 17

a parent who sets boundaries or limits their love for their child is storing up psych problems for their child in the future

Question 18

what do therapists do in cct?

Answer 18

• give patients unconditional positive regard
• take an idiographic approach rather than nomothetic
• use qualitative measures e.g. unstructured interviews and diary entries to see how ppts view their own behaviour

Question 19

strengths of the humanistic approach

Answer 19

evidence for effects of conditions of worth
- garter et al found teens who feel they have to fulfil conditions to gain parents approval ended up not liking themselves
- supports Rogers claims, teens create a false self (incongurence)
hierarchy links to economic development
- e.g. hagerty found countries w/ weaker economies were struggling with basic physiological needs

Question 20

limitations of humanistic approach

Answer 20

unrealistic view of human nature
- assumes people are inherently goal oriented and ignores self destructive behaviours
culturally biased explanations
- Nevis found in china self actualisation is seen as community contributions rather than individual development