Humanistic Approach Flashcards
focus of humanistic approach
study of the whole individual and their human experiences, uniqueness, freedom and choice
what does the humanistic approach claim about our behaviour?
we are self determining and have free will, able to determine our own development
why is the humanistic approach person centred?
it believes we should focus on individuals’ subjecting experiences rather than trying to establish general lawas through scientific models
what constrains free will?
morals, laws, familyt values and others’ needs
self-actualisation
achieving our full potential
what did Maslow say we our behaviour is motivated by?
desire to satisfy needs beyond basic biological survival and reach our full potential in self-actualisation
what is the requirement of MAslow’s hierarchy?
each need must be fulfilled before you can move to a higher need
deficiency needs
lower needs in Maslow’s hierarchy that must be met before a person can reach self-actualisation
list the needs in Maslow’s hierarchy in order frombottom to top
- physiological needs
- safety needs
- love and belonging needs
- esteem needs
- self actualisation
what is personal growth?
developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled, satisfied and goal-orientated
what can occur once self-actualisation has been reached?
personal growth
what did Maslow recognise about his hierarchy and the consequence of this?
not everyone can manage to progress through it and physiological barriers may prevent them reaching the top - they simply won’t achieve self-actualisation
what is the self?
an individual’s consciousness in relation to their own identity
what did Carl Rogers believe we are motivated by?
the desire to move towards self-improvement and achieve their ideal self
2 basic needs according to Rogers
- unconditional +ve regard
- strong self-worth
unconditional positive regard
others see you in a positive light no matter the situation
what happens if we feel we have conditional positive regard?
we develop conditions of worth
consequences of unconditional positive regard
boost self-esteem, self belief and ability to form stable, trusting relationships
conditions of worth
coditions a personal believes their SOs put upon them which they must meet to gain their approval
when and how does self worth develop?
- develops in chilhood
- formed from interactions with parents
- further interactions with SOs influence self-worth
what did Rogers believe we must have for personal growth to occur?
congruence
congruence and consequence
whn our ideal self and self image overlap and agree - healthy sense of well being
incongruence and consequence
- too big a gap b/w self image and ideal self
- causes negative feels of self worth and self-actualisation isn’t possible
client-centred therapy aim and proedure
- lessen incongruence and bring about congruence and help people cope with problems of everyday living
- client encouraged to develop positive self regard and overcome mismatch b/w perceived self, true self and ideal self
gestalt therapy
aim to help client become a whole person by accepting every aspect of themselves`
techniques used in Gestalt therapy
- confontation with sensitivity and empathy
- dream analysis
- role playing
origin of Q sort
developed by Stephenson and adapted into client centred therapy by Rogers
Q sort
- measures congruence by having pateint sort a series of cards with personal statements ofn them, into a forced distributiion under 2 conditions
- describe “real self”
- describe “ideal self”
evaluation of humanistic approach phrase
Reduce Harter’s credible determinism to vague cultures
is the humanistic approach reductionist or holistic
holistic
what did Harter et al. find?
teens who feel they have to fulfil specific conditions to gain parents’ approval often end up not liking themselves nad are more likely to beo=come depressed
why does the humanistic approach lack credibility?
- has little impact within psychology
- may be bc lacks sound evidence-base
- been described as a losse set of abstrat concepts rather than a comprehensive theory
why is the humanistic approach ot deterministic?
- supports free will
- idiographic, so may be better way of viewing human behaviour as looks at individuals and does not overlook individual experiences
what makes the humanistic approach untestable?
- includes vague and abstract ideas that are hard to test experimentally
- self-actualisation and congruence can’t be tested experimentally
why is the humanistic approach culturally biased?
- many central ideas (e.g…) more associated with individualistic, western cultures
- collectivist cultures emphasis group needs, community and interdepence so may not identify with humanistic values/ideals
- app. product of cultural context developed in and may not extend to other cultures
why is the humanistic approach unrealistic?
- claim people inherently good and goal-orientated
- ignores that people can be pessimisic nd self-destructive
- oversimplification to assume problems arise when people cannot self-actualise
