Humanistic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the assumptions of the humanistic approach?

A

We all have free will.

Personal growth is a desirable goal for all people.

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2
Q

What are the stages of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
Self-actualisation
Esteem
Love/belonging
Safety
Physiological
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3
Q

What are examples of physiological needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  • Breathing
  • Food
  • Water
  • Reproductive sex
  • Sleep
  • Homeostasis
  • Excretion
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4
Q

What are examples of safety needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  • Security of body
  • Security of employment
  • Security of resources
  • Security of morality
  • Security of the family
  • Security of health
  • Security of property
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5
Q

What are examples of love/belonging needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  • Friendship
  • Family
  • Sexual intimacy
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6
Q

What are examples of esteem needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  • Self-esteem
  • Confidence
  • Achievement
  • Respect of others
  • Respect by others
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7
Q

What are examples of self-actualisation needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  • Morality
  • Creativity
  • Spontaneity
  • Problem solving
  • Lack of prejudice
  • Acceptance of facts
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8
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the Humanistic approach?

A

Maslow believed humans are motivated by needs beyond those of basic biological survival.
Fundamental to human nature is the desire to grow and develop to achieve our full potential - referred to as self-actualisation.
All four lower levels of the hierarchy must be met before an individual can work towards self-actualisation.
All of the levels are referred to as deficiency needs; apart from self-actualisation which is a growth need.

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9
Q

What is the concept of self?

A

The way you see yourself.

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10
Q

What is the ideal self?

A

The person you want yourself to be.

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11
Q

What is congruence?

A

When the self-concept and ideal self are seen to match or be similar.

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12
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

Providing affection and respect without any requirements.

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13
Q

What are conditions of worth?

A

When a parent places limits or boundaries on their love for their children.

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14
Q

How might praise lead to a child feeling they don’t have unconditional positive regard from their parent?

A

If the praise seems based on a particular behaviour, then it may be implied that without the behaviour the child won’t be loved.

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15
Q

What is in involved in Rogers’ client-centred therapy in the humanistic approach?

A

The therapist provides genuineness, empathy and the unconditional positive regard that may have been missing in the client’s childhood.
The client is encouraged to develop positive self-regard and reduce the gap between their perceived self and ideal self (achieve congruence).

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16
Q

What is Q-SORT in the humanistic approach?

A

A series of personal statements which allow degree of congruence to be measured.
The person rates from 1-7 how well the statements fit their perceived self, and then their ideal self.
Congruence can be measured by comparing the two overall ratings before, during and after therapy to show progress.

17
Q

What are the strengths of the humanistic approach?

A
  • It emphasises choice - people are empowered to make positive changes in their own life.
  • It is holistic - it studies the whole person in their wider social context, this can provide a fuller and therefore more valid picture.
  • It has contributed to psychological theories and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of some disorders such as depression and stress.
  • Has applications for client-centred therapy. Q-SORT allows progress to be measured and is more objective than a purely talking therapy.
18
Q

What are the limitations of the humanistic approach?

A
  • Not scientific
  • Untestable concepts can’t be empirically observed
  • Cultural bias
  • Applications may not be suitable for everyone. People with schizophrenia cannot benefit from therapy. Therapy is collaborative and people wouldn’t cooperate enough to benefit or even trust their therapist. So it’s limited and can’t be used for everyone.