Humanistic

Question 1

humanistic

self-actualization

Answer 1

the process of achieving one’s full potential, becoming the best version of oneself, understanding oneself, one’s abilities, and one’s purpose in life.

Question 2

Positive regard

Answer 2

term used in humanistic psychology to describe the unconditional warmth/love/acceptance/support that people give to u. introduced by carl rogers

important aspect of healthy relationships in both personal and professional settings (with family members, love interests, friends, therapist, etc.)

as children we seek it from parents, we need it to grow

Question 3

Prizing

Answer 3

the process of valuing and respecting yourself and others.
In therapy, Rogers says it’s important for the therapist to demonstrate “prizing” towards clients by accepting them as unique individuals with their own experiences/feelings/perspectives to create non-judgemental zone -> promote personal growth, more likely to engage positive behaviors, relationship, cope w problems, + self esteem/worth

Question 4

what is primary goal of humanistic psychotherapy?

Answer 4

to foster self-actualization. Humanists believe that psychological problems (depression, anxiety, personality disorders, eating disorders,) are byproducts of held back growth process.
People who seek professional help have within them the capacity/the will to grow toward health (but, somehow, their growth has been interrupted or distorted)

The task of the humanistic therapist (through the therapeutic relationship) create a climate where clients can resume their natural growth toward psychological wellness

Question 5

Humanists use the term incongruence to…

Answer 5

describe the disagreement bewteen out real self and the self we could be we fulfilled our own potential—the ideal self

humanists view it as the root of psychopathology (abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions)

Question 6

In contrast, congruence..

Answer 6

a match between the real self and the ideal self is achieved.
self-actualization is allowed to guide a person’s life without interference by any conditions of worth ( result-mental health can be better
congruence happens when people experience unconditional positive regard from others.
No “only if” conditions are placed on them for acceptance, so they are free to develop and grow according to their own self-actualization tendency

the acceptance and support of a person regardless of their behavior or f

Question 7

Unconditional positive self-regard

Answer 7

accepting oneself fully, regardless of any perceived flaws or shortcomings…not contingent on achieving certain goals, meeting certain standards, receiving external validation

Question 8

Conditional positive self-regard

Answer 8

based on meeting certain conditions or criteria. It involves valuing oneself only when certain conditions are met, such as achieving a certain level of success, receiving approval from others, or meeting certain standards of behavior.

meeting certain conditions or criteria to feel good about oneself.

Question 9

Three essential therapeutic conditions

Answer 9

empathy, Unconditional positive regard, &
genuineness

Question 10

empathy

Answer 10

involves a deep, nonjudgmental understanding of the client’s experiences in which the therapist’s own values and point of view are temporarily suspended. The therapist sees life through the client’s eyes and adopts the client’s frame of reference
Empathy can enable clients to clarify their own feelings for themselves and have more confidence in the emotions they experience. It can also make a client feel valued and supported as an individual

Question 11

Unconditional positive regard (UPR)

Answer 11

full acceptance of a person ‘no matter what’
UPR allows clients to grow in a purely self-directed way, with no need for concern about losing the respect/acceptance of the other person in the relationship

When therapists unconditionally prize clients, over time, the clients may come to prize themselves unconditionally, which facilitates higher levels of congruence & self-actualization.

provides an opportunity for clients to grow naturally into their own potential rather than being pressured by others to grow in various directions

Question 12

genuineness

Answer 12

the opposite of playing a role or putting up a front. When we sense others (friends, family, therapists) doing that, we tend not to reveal much of ourselves.
When we sense that others authentically care about us and accept us, we tend to open up and engage more fully in the relationship Being genuine with clients helps humanistic therapists establish therapeutic relationships that feel “real.”

unlike psychdynam. who do blank screen role

Question 13

UPR, Empathy & Genuineness are

Answer 13

empathy, UPR, and genuineness appear to be common factors, which contribute heavily to the success of all kinds of psychotherapy

Question 14

reflection

Answer 14

The goal of reflection in humanistic psychotherapy is to help the client gain a deeper understanding of themselves, their experiences, and their emotions. By reflecting back what the client has expressed, the therapist can help the client feel heard, understood, and validated

Question 15

Gestalt therapy

Answer 15

(Fritz Perls) emphasizes a holistic approach to enhancing the client’s experience. Gestalt therapists attend both mental and physical perceptions, encourage clients to reach their full potential, often through the use of role-play techniques.

Focus almost exclusively on the present moment, deemphasize clients’ past experiences

Question 16

motivational interviewing (MI)

Answer 16

strengthen the client’s own motivation/commitment to change by exploring and resolving any resistance. The approach acknowledges that change is often difficult, and that people may have conflicting feelings/doubts about whether they are ready to make changes. “rolling with resistance”
been found to improve substance-related disorders (smoking, gambling, domestic violence, anxiety, depression

Question 17

central principles [of MI]

Answer 17

-Expressing empathy (taking clients POV)
-Developing the discrepancy. (highlight how a client’s behavior is inconsistent with thier goals or values
-Avoiding argumentation (dont directly confront client)
-Rolling with resistance (When clients express hesitancy to change, MI therapists accept/reflect rather than battle against it)
-Identifying “sustain talk” and “change talk.” (Sustain talk- client statements in favor of continuing the problem behavior vs change talk they are in favor of changing)
-Supporting self-efficacy (therapist communitcates that client has the power to improve themselves

Question 18

Positive psychology

Answer 18

looks past diagnosis based symptom reduction to the enhancement of a client’s overall well-being, particularly such aspects as the client’s positive emotion, engagement with life, relationships, meaning, and achievement (Seligman) These approaches build on the findings that happiness is a protective factor against mental disorders

Question 19

how are positive psych. and humanistic similar?

Answer 19

positive psychology and humanism share a basic view of people as possessing inborn strengths and capabilities that can guide them throughout their lifetimes and buffer them from unhappiness

Question 20

four-front approach

Answer 20

ensures that a therapist will not only appreciate the positive/negative elements in a client’s life, but also delineate which of those elements stem from the client and which stem from the environment in which the client lives

Question 21

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

Savoring

Answer 21

in which clients intentionally focus on and extend, without distraction, moments of joy and happiness

Question 22

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

Gratitude

Answer 22

in which clients purposefully focus on reasons to be thankful by writing letters, journaling, visiting important people in their lives, or simply thinking about things that make them feel appreciative

Question 23

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

Kindness

Answer 23

in which clients deliberately do nice things for others, including the donation of money or time for charity, volunteering, tutoring

Question 24

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

empathy

Answer 24

in which clients intentionally build a sense of understanding, forgiveness, and perspective-taking with others in their lives

Question 25

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

Optimism

Answer 25

in which clients purposefully cultivate positive expectations about the future and anticipate good things that may happen in their lives

Question 26

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

Strength-based activities

Answer 26

in which clients deliberately use (or write about) their personal strengths in meaningful or novel ways
interventions designed to increase happiness levels in clients)
(positive interventions)

Question 27

seven basic categories of positive psychology techniques

Meaning

Answer 27

in which clients intentionally remind themselves of their own values and set goals to live a life that falls in line with them

Question 28

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT)

Answer 28

emphasizes the expression, acknowledgment, and healing power of emotions in the present moment, and emotions that may have been “bottled up” for a long time. Therapists encourage clients to experience their feelings wholly/completely, show them unconditional acceptance

used alot in couples therapy (each person experiencing their own feelings more authentically and accepting the authentic feelings of the partner more fully, repalace patterns of blaming)