Cognitive

Question 1

Why is cognitive therapy popular?

Answer 1

it takes things from other methods
behavioral therapy: brief, structured
psychodynamic therapy; focus on important mental processes

Question 2

metacognitive therapy

Answer 2

that the activating event can be a
cognition itself rather than some external occurrence. people can become
depressed, anxious, psychologically unwell because of reactions to their own
thoughts rather than their reactions to the things that happen to them

Question 3

cognitive favors the … step process to threapy

Answer 3

favors 3 step process rather than 2 cause it’s more accurate (something happens -> we think about it, interpret it -> that influences our feelings/emotions

the way cognitive therapy positions itself- wants the client to have rational thoughts about an event. (llogical thoughts, constant worries) Therapist wants to make sure their thoughts make sense, help the client not overreact

Question 4

automatic, instantaneous thoughts

Answer 4

the perspective in which we see the world, without our awareness. Goal for therapist is to bring them to awareness & challenge our illogical thoughts and change our thinking (instead of assuming the worst)

Question 5

Goal of cognitive Therapists

Answer 5

LOGICAL THINKING - cognitive = thought
the way we think about events determines the way we respond
Psychological problems arise from illogical
cognitions
when the cognitions appropriately match the event…leads to more adaptive, healthy reactions.
the role of the cognitive therapist is to fix faulty thinking
demonstrations to explain two-step and preferred three-step models - aspire for clients to become independent of them, teach that they can navigate through their illogical thoughts themselves.

Question 6

Sessions are..

Answer 6

brief, focused, structured. specific format. Therapists will tell plan at the beginning -clearly, goal-focused, directive, therapists are focused on the present -
-doesnt want to go back in memory and talk about the past, they focus on the present
-Might even interrupt clients and cut off their thoughts. They have a strict plan/goal

Question 7

how does cog. therapy differ from other forms

Answer 7

differs from humanistic (open-ended). Behavior and cognitive are similar (goals, structured)

Question 8

Rational emotive therapy

Answer 8

Albert Ellis- stick to present not past.
irrational thoughts create negative feelings
if we can control our thoughts, we can control our emotions. The agenda might be bringing awareness to thoughts. Apply scientific method - challenging assumptions

Question 9

Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Aaron Becks’ theory - Cognitive Triad

Answer 9

Triad; negative thoughts about self, world, future.

Question 10

Approaches to Cognitive Therapy

Albert Ellis: The ABCDE Model

Answer 10

[A]ctivating event - job loss
[B]elief - im a failure
Emotional Consequence -loss of motivation/identity
[D]ispute (thoughts)- point out illogical thought, therapist teaches them how to do this themselves
[E]ffective new belief

Question 11

Two important historical developments that contributed to dev. of cog therapy

Answer 11

-Strict applications of behavioral therapy (operant/classical conditioning) didn’t always work. researchers began to recognize that cognition playa unique/important role in human behavior
- cognitive therapy began as a revision of behavioral therapy within a context of increasing dissatisfaction with the psychodynamic therapy that dominated at the time

Question 12

who were the leaders of this approach and what did they want

Answer 12

Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis - sought a new approach to therapy that addressed clients’ symptoms more directly, focused less on the past and more on the present, and produced positive results more efficiently

Question 13

What do cognitive theapist teach to clients

Answer 13

teaching therapy as a tool. function like teachers homework/handouts, teaching, explaining, provide psychoeducation

Question 14

importance of cognition

Answer 14

it’s not the events that happen to
us but the meaning we assign to those events that shapes our feelings

these oft-ignored, automatic cognitions are a focal point in cognitive therapy and revising them is the goal

Things happen, we interpret those things, and those interpretations directly influence our feelings.
Event -> feeling (mood is directly influenced)
instead..Event (something happens) -> Cognition (interpretation of the event) -> Feeling (intrepretation infuences mood)

Question 15

dysfunctional thought record

Answer 15

beck
-brief description of the event/situation,
-automatic thoughts about the event (and the extent to which the client believes these thoughts),
-emotions (and their intensity),
-an adaptive response (identifying the distortion in the automatic thought and
challenging it)
* outcome (emotions after the adaptive response has been identified and the
extent to which the client still believes the automatic thoughts).

Question 16

Common Thought Distortions

All-or-nothing thinking

Answer 16

Irrationally evaluating everything as either wonderful or terrible, with no middle ground or “gray area”

Question 17

Catastrophizing

Answer 17

Expecting the worst in the future, when, realistically, it’s unlikely to occur

Question 18

Magnification/minimization

Answer 18

For negative events, “making a mountain out of a molehill”; for positive events, playing down their importance

Question 19

Personalization

Answer 19

Assuming excessive personal responsibility for negative events

Question 20

Overgeneralization

Answer 20

Applying lessons learned from negative experiences more broadly than is warranted

Question 21

Mental filtering:

Answer 21

Ignoring positive events while focusing excessively on
negative events

Question 22

Mind reading

Answer 22

Presuming to know that others are thinking critically or disapprovingly, when knowing what they think is, in fact, impossible

Question 23

purpose of labeling thought distortions

Answer 23

when clients assign these thought distortion labels to illogical thoughts, the illogical thoughts grow weaker
enable client to dismiss them and replace them

Question 24

mindfulness based-therapy

Answer 24

Whereas Ellis and Beck encouraged people to dispute and revise their thoughts, mindfulness-based therapists prefer to change people’s relationships to their thoughts rather than the thoughts themselves
Clients can learn to recognize their thoughts as a temporary suggestions that might not require much of reaction at all.

Question 25

Acceptance based-therapy

Answer 25

allowing these internal experiences to run their course without fighting against them (experiential avoidance attempts to supress them, works in short-term but as long term consequences..substance abuse)

Question 26

urge surfing

Answer 26

an approach to the treatment of addictive behaviors such as smoking,drinking, any other behavior in which clients struggle with unwanted urges
focus on the response to the urge not the urge itself

Question 27

acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

Answer 27

Accepting one’s own inner experiences for what they are, and nothing more;
Choosing directions in life based on one’s core values, which will enhance life’s
meaning and purpose
Taking action in matters large and small that are consonant with one’s own values.

Question 28

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Answer 28

developed by Marsha Linehan specifically
for the treatment of borderline personality disorder.
individuals with BPD struggle to control the intensity of their feelings
problem solving, validation (stronger than empathy), emotion regulation, mindfulness,