Human Wellbeing & Case Studies

Question 1

Quantitive data meaning

Answer 1

Measured by quantity of something (numerical).
- Expressed in data to compare countries.
- E.g. life expectancy, HDI, literacy rates, income levels

Question 2

Qualitative data meaning

Answer 2

Measured by quality of something
- Is subjective
- E.g. happiness levels, job satisfaction

Question 3

What does HDI measure

Answer 3

Human Development Index
- Average in key dimensions of human development

Question 4

What does IHDI measure

Answer 4

Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
- Measure of key dimensions of human development with inequality accounted for

Question 5

What does HPI measure?

Answer 5

Happy Planet Index
- Sustainable wellbeing
- Rank countries on how efficiently they deliver long, happy lives using limited environmental resources
- Takes into account:
- Life expectancy
- Self-reported wellbeing
- Carbon footprint

Question 6

What are HDI and IHDI measured in?

Answer 6

• Life expectancy index: life expectancy at birth
• Education index: years of schooling for adults aged 25 or more AND expected years of schooling for those at school entering age
• GNI index: gross national income per capita

Question 7

How does IHDI account for inequalities in HDI dimensions?

Answer 7

• Discounts each dimension’s average value according to its level of inequality.

Question 8

North Korea stats (population, life expectation, GDP, average annual wage, healthcare system, housing system, literacy rate, work requirement, National data secrecy, Height/Malnutrition, Corruption perceptions index)

Answer 8

Population: 25 million
Life expectation: 70 years
GDP: $25 billion
Avg. annual wage: $12 000 (high wage), others earn $2-3 per month
Healthcare: free but underfunded and lacks resources, reports of sick people using crystal meth
Housing: owned by government, quality varies by social status
Literacy rate/education: free education, alleged 100% literacy rate
Work requirement: 70 consecutive days for 1 day off
National data: highly secretive
Height/malnutrition: 2-6 inches shorter than global norms
Corruption perceptions index: 175th

Question 9

South Korea key statistics (Population, GDP, Average annual salary, Work requirements, Healthcare system, Education, National data secrecy, Public Holidays, Life expectation, Corruption perceptions index)

Answer 9

Population: 51 million
Life expectancy: 82 years
GDP: $1.4 trillion
Avg. annual salary: $32 000
Working hours: 2nd highest globally in 2015 (12 hours required overtime, up to 16 hours on weekends)
Healthcare system: Modern, high-quality
Education: Long/competitive, 7/10 students go to university
Literacy rate: 98.8%
More personal freedom and greater transparency of national data

Question 10

How is Sydney divided?

Answer 10

Latte line: imaginary boundary running diagonally across Sydney, showing socioeconomic divide in Sydney’s East and West.

Question 11

East Sydney key features

Answer 11

• Higher property values (near coast + CBD)
• Better access to job opportunities (close to CBD)
• High concentration of services (e.g. transport)
• Better health outcomes
• Higher education rates
• Mosman income per week: $1506

Question 12

West Sydney key features

Answer 12

• Lower property values
• Lower income residents pushed to West
• Fewer high-paying job opportunities
• Higher unemployment rates
  Lack of services
• Worse health out comes: high rates of preventable disease and hospital admissions
• Lower education rates: below average NAPLAN results and school attendance
• Higher rates of domestic violence (59% of DV incidents occur in West)
• Fairfield income per week: $581

Question 13

Spatial variation factors: Social

Answer 13

• Education
• Work/life conditions
• Access to health care
• Gender/race inequality

Question 14

Spatial variation factors: Historical

Answer 14

• Past war/conflict
• Slavery

Question 15

Spatial variation factors: Environmental

Answer 15

• Climate
• Natural disasters
• Suitability of land for agriculture

Question 16

Spatial variation factors: Economic

Answer 16

• Poverty
• Inflation
• Distribution of wealth
• Unemployment and job security

Question 17

Spatial variation factors: Political

Answer 17

• Corruption
• Political policies and constraints

Question 18

Initiative to improve First Nations wellbeing

Answer 18

2008: Closing the Gap initiative launched by AUS gov.
- Gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians
- Shorter life expectancy
- Higher infant mortality rates
- Poorer health outcomes
- Lower levels of education and employment

• Strategy aims to improve wellbeing by 2031. (e.g. education, employment, justice, safety, housing, language)
• Year 12 attainment for ages 20-24 improved to 68.1%
• 55.7% of 25-54 years employed
• Life expectancy: around 73 on avg. both genders

Question 19

Rural/remote areas: homelessness spatial variation

Answer 19

• Lacks sufficient specialist homelessness services
• More Indigenous background
• Severe overcrowding
• Higher rates of people needing homeless services (due to limited housing or economic challenges)
• More people at risk of becoming homeless

Question 20

Urban areas: homelessness spatial variation

Answer 20

• Increasing concentrations of homelessness
• Often have more people who are already homeless (homeless people often move to city centres where more services are available)
• Cost of living higher so they can’t afford homes