Geographic Skills/Mapping

Question 1

Elements of a map: What does BOLTS stand for?

Answer 1

B: Border
O: Orientation
L: Legend
T: Title
S: Scale

Question 2

Cartograms definition

Answer 2

Presents statistical data by altering size of country based on variable

Question 3

Thematic/Choropleth Maps definition

Answer 3

Focuses on one theme or feature, uses colours or symbols to show features.

Question 4

What do population pyramids visualise?

Answer 4

Age and Sex

Question 5

Pyramid population shape identification

Answer 5

• Wide case
• Narrow tip
• Similar to triangle

Question 6

Pyramid population shape meaning

Answer 6

• Developing country
• High death rate
• High Birth Rate
• Low life expectancy
• Youthful population

Question 7

Beehive population pyramid identification

Answer 7

• Wider base at bottom
• Base similar to middle
• Tapers off at the end

Question 8

Beehive population pyramid meaning

Answer 8

• Transitional countries
• Low death rate
• Declining birth rate
• Increasing life expectancy

Question 9

Coffin population pyramid identification

Answer 9

• Narrow base
• Bulge in middle
• Tapered tip

Question 10

Coffin population pyramid meaning

Answer 10

• Developed countries
• Low death rate
• Low birth rate
• High life expectancy
• Ageing population

Question 11

Close up photo use

Answer 11

Shows specific characteristics of a feature, usually plants and animals

Question 12

Ariel photography use

Answer 12

Shows distribution of natural and human features over large area of earth’s surface, taken from air or high point.

Question 13

Oblique photography definition

Answer 13

Ariel photo taken by pointing camera at oblique angle (between 3 and 90 degrees), producing a perspective view

Question 14

Difference between low oblique and high oblique?

Answer 14

Low: horizon not visible
High: horizon visible

Question 15

Oblique photography use

Answer 15

Makes observations of how natural and human features are distributed across the landscape

Question 16

Ground photography Use

Answer 16

Used to identify isolated features
- Shows relationships between physical and human features (i.e. landforms and vegetation or transport networks)

Question 17

Ground photography definition

Answer 17

Photos taken at ground level with camera pointed horizontally.

Question 18

3 ways scale is written:

Answer 18

1) As statement/written sentence (e.g. 1cm on map represents one km on ground)
2) As a line scale
3) As a ratio (e.g. 1:100000, always same unit unless specified but can be simplified, 1000m = 1km)
- Number on left = distance on map
- Colon = represents
- Number on right = distance on ground

Question 19

How to find straight line distance on map?

Answer 19

• Use ruler to measure distance between two points
• Convert length to distance on map using scale

Question 20

How to find curved line distance on map?

Answer 20

• Use curved piece of paper
• Straighten it out and measure distance
• Convert length to distance on map using scale

Question 21

How to find area of irregular shape?

Answer 21

• Estimated by counting number of grid squares that feature covers
• Count ones covered by more than half of feature, ignore others
• Answer given in km^2

Question 22

Density meaning

Answer 22

Number of people or objects per unit area, usually 1km^2
- Worked out by counting features located within one specific area (e.g. density of buildings in AR2837 is 3/km^2)

Question 23

Latitudes/Longitudes definition

Answer 23

Imaginary lines which run along earth used to pinpoint locations

Question 24

Latitude key features

Answer 24

• Horizontal lines
• Centre: equator
• Splits into Northern/Southern hemisphere
• Helps understand climate/warmth

Question 25

Longitude key features

Answer 25

• Vertical lines
• Centre: Prime Meridian
• Splits into Eastern/Western hemisphere
• Helps understand time zones

Question 26

Finding Longitude/Latitude?

Answer 26

• Lat coords first (N/S), then Long coords (E/W)
• Include N, E, S, W (similar to area references)
• E.g. 34°S 152°E
• If coordinate is directly on centre lines at 0°, then N, E, S or W in not required