Human wellbeing Flashcards
Human Wellbeing
The ability of people to access the things they need to live happy, healthy and contented lives
GDP(Gross Domestic Product) or GNI (Gross National Income)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
GNI = Gross NationalIncome =the sum of a country’sGDP plusnet income(positive or negative) from abroad.
GNI/capita or GDP/capita
GNI/capita is the total value of the GNI of a country divided by the number of people in the country
GDP/capita is the total value of the GDP of a country divided by the number of people in the country
Human Development Index (HDI)
A composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
Life expectancy at birth measures the health dimension = social indicator
The education dimension is measured by mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age = social (and political indicator)
The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national income per capita = economic indicator
Birth Rate
The number of live births per one thousand of the population per year in a country.
Death Rate
The number of deaths per one thousand people per year in a country.
Total Fertility Rate
total number of children that would be bornto each woman during her child-bearing years
Literacy Rate
The proportion of the adult population aged 15 years and over which is literate, meaning they are able to read and write, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population, total or for a given sex, in a given country, territory, or geographic area, at a specific point in time, usually mid-year.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a person in an area of population can expect to live from the year in which they were born.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR )
The number of babies out of a 1000 live birthsthat diein a countrybefore their 1stbirthday
Indicators of development
A measure (usually numerical) of quality of life in a country.
Indicators are used to illustrate progress of a country in meeting a range of economic, social, political and environmental goals.
Quantitative indicators of development
Quantitative indicators provide accurate and measurable comparisons, such as life expectancy or percentage of population below the poverty line. Qualitative indicators are a description of the quality and characteristics rather than a measurement, such as quality of food supplies and housing.
Qualitative indicators of development
Qualitative indicators are expressed as words. Includes information that focuses on quality rather than quantity – usually someone’s opinion, and may differ from person to person.
e.g. people’s health status, happiness, personal security, social connectedness and other non-monetary measures
Single indicators of development
A single indicator is one factor, such as GDP per person (capita), used to measure the development of a country. Single indicators measures only one development characteristic within a country.
Composite indicators of development
Those that focus on one social, economic, political or environmental indicator of development
e.g. BR, IMR, CMR, Life Expectancy, GNI/capita
