Human Trafficking & Modern Day Slavery

Question 1

Define Modern Day Slavery…Modern Slavery Act 2015

Answer 1

(1)A person commits an offence if—

(a)the person holds another person in slavery or servitude & the
circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is held in slavery or servitude, or

(b)the person requires another person to perform forced or compulsory labour & the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is being required to perform forced or compulsory labour.

Question 2

Describe the 3 constituent elemEnts to human trafficking

Answer 2

Act:
* Recruitment
* Receipt
* Transport
* Transfer
* Harbouring

Means:
* Force
* Deception
* Coerion
* Abduction
* Fraud
* Abuse of power
* Abuse of a position of vulnerability
* Payement or receipt of a benefit to a person with control of another

Purpose:
* Exploitatin

Question 3

State the types of exploitation

Answer 3

• Sexual Exploitation
• Labour Exploitation
• CriminalExploitation
• Domestic Servitude
• Organ Harvesting

Question 4

State the Signs/Indicators…Adults of human trafficking/ modern day slavery

Answer 4

• No personal identification or passport/documents held by someone else
• Lack of money/control over own finances or lack of access to earnings, receiving cash for work
• Living/sleeping in the place of work
• Not wearing clothes suitable for work or eather, unkempt appearance
• Limited contact with family & limited social contact, always taken to and from work
• Others seeking to speak for the person you are trying to engage, no eye contact
• Living or found in ‘degrading’ conditions
• Unkempt, dirty, tired appearance

Question 5

State the Signs/Indicators…children of human trafficking/ modern day slavery

Answer 5

• Children living with non relevant families, children not in education
• Signs of branding/ownership
• Limited contact with family & limited social contact
• Signs of physical abuse Lack of access to medical care
• Injuries apparently as a result of ill treatment, or from work, or restraints e.g shackles or rope
• Extreme reaction to authority or a male (shying away, overtly suggestive)
• Lifestyles they can’t afford, e.g new mobile, clothes, money, food etc

Question 6

State the barriers to reporting of human trafficking/ modern day slavery

Answer 6

• Lack of awareness that they are a victim of crime
• Unaware that help is there Language barrier
• Controlled movements or accompanied by traffickerIsolation
• Comparison of situation to a worse one
• Immigration status
• Involvement in criminal activity
• Juju
• Self-blame
• Stigma
• ‘Stockholm Syndrome’

Question 7

State health impacts of human trafficking/ modern day slavery

Answer 7

• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Dizzy spells
• Back pain
• Memory problems
• Forced or coerced use of alcohol/ drugs
• Emotional manipulation & isolation
• Post-trauma stress symptoms PTSD
• Anxiety symptoms or disorders
• Depression symptoms or disorders
• Suicidal ideation or attempts
• Economic exploitation

Question 8

Explain the National Referal Mechanism (NRM)

Answer 8

The process whereby ‘first responder organisations’ send the
referral to the relevant ‘competent authority’ who then:-

• Identify a victim of trafficking
• Grant a ‘reflection delay’
• Refer a person to support services
• Issue a residence permit

Consent for help must be given. Person must be capable of consent.

Question 9

Describe the 45 Day Recovery & Reflection Period

Answer 9

• Appropriate & secure accommodation (either via Salvation Army or Local Authority)
• Subsistence
• Access to emergency medical treatment
• Translation & interpretation services when appropriate
• Counselling & information around their legal rights

Question 10

Describe a police officers initial actions with adults when dealing with victims of Human Trafficking / modern day slavery

Answer 10

• Reassure the person, their safety & confidence is paramount
• Keep multiple victims separate
• Think victim care – culture, language, gender, religion, possible trauma
• Victim not left isolated
• Are any others at risk?
• Make them feel safe & supportedImmediate needs of the victim

Question 11

Describe a police officers initial actions with Children when dealing with victims of Human Trafficking / modern day slavery

Answer 11

• Follow child protection guidelines
• Inform PVPU staff or designated child safeguarding lead & ensure
• the NRM is completed
• OOH then Social Services

REMEMBER to specifically highlight your concern for child trafficking