Human Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

tubercle

A

a bumpy area of bone where muscle tendons and ligaments attach

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2
Q

tronchanter

A

similar to tubercle
only found in the femur
two tronchanters. a greater and lesser
serve as areas of attachment for tendon and ligaments

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3
Q

condyle

A

smooth, convex articular (joint) surface

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4
Q

fossa

A

hollow and depressed are

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5
Q

foramen

A

channel in bone

allows other structures (nerves, blood vessels) to pass through bone

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6
Q

long bone

A

has to epiphyses and a diaphysis.

adult have a hollow diaphysis that stores yellow fats in medullary cavity

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7
Q

medullary cavity

A

stores yellow fat in hollow diaphysis

surrounded by compact bone

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8
Q

short bone

A

equal length and width

made of cortial bone. cortial bone is surrounded spongy bone tissue and bone marrow

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9
Q

irregular

A

non uniform and complex appearance and therefore not easily characterized
fit together like a puzzle and work together as a functional units. (e.g spine pelvis and facial bones)
surface is notched and rigid

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10
Q

skeletal system

A

includes bones and cartilage

ligaments and connective tissue

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11
Q

5 primary functions of skeletal system

A
support
storage of minerals e.g  calcium and lipids(yellow marrow)
blood cell production (red marrow)
protection
leverage(movement)
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12
Q

6 bone classifications

A
flat
sutural
irregular
long
sesamoid
short
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13
Q

flat bones

A

thin, roughly parallel surfaces
e.g cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
protect underlying soft tissue
provide area for skeletal muscle attachment

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14
Q

sutural bones

A

aka wormian bones
irregular and formed between cranial bones
number size and shape vary

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15
Q

long bones

A

relatively long and slender

e.g various limbs

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16
Q

sesamoid

A

small, flat and somewhat shaped like a sesame seed
develop inside tendons of kneee, hands and feet
location and number vary individually

17
Q

bone markings

A

aka surface features

18
Q

elevation/projection

A

muscle tendon and ligament attachment

located at joints where adjacent bones articulate

19
Q

depression/groove/tunnels

A

sites for blood vessel or nerves to lie alongside or penetrate bone

20
Q

Bone markings—elevations or projections

A
– Process—any projection or
bump
– Tubercle—small, rounded
projection
– Tuberosity—small, rough
projection that takes up a
broad area
21
Q

Bone markings—elevations or projections 2

A
Trochlea—smooth, grooved
articular process shaped like
a pulley
– Condyle—smooth, rounded
articular process
22
Q

Bone markings—elevations or projections

continued

A

Trochanter—large, rough
projection
– Facet—small, flat articular
surface

23
Q

Bone markings—elevations or projections

(continued) 2.0

A

Crest—prominent ridge
– Line—low ridge, more delicate than a crest
– Spine—pointed or narrow process
– Ramus—extension of a bone that makes an angle with
the rest of a structure

24
Q

• Bone markings—depressions, grooves, and

tunnels

A

Canal or meatus—large passageway through
a bone
– Sinus—chamber within a bone, normally filled
with air
– Foramen—small, rounded passageway for blood
vessels or nerves to pass through
bone

25
Q

Bone markings—depressions, grooves, and tunnels

continued

A

– Fissure—elongated cleft or gap
– Sulcus—deep, narrow groove
– Fossa—shallow depression or recess in bone surface

26
Q

– Epiphysis

A
(expanded area at
each end of the bone)
• Consists largely of spongy
bone (trabecular bone)
• Outer covering of compact
bone (cortical bone)
–Strong, organized bone
27
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers portions of
epiphysis that form
articulations

28
Q

Metaphysis

A

(connects

epiphysis to shaft)

29
Q

Diaphysis

A
(shaft)
• Contains medullary cavity
(marrow cavity)
–Filled with two types
of marrow
»Red bone marrow
(involved in red blood
cell production)
»Yellow bone marrow
(adipose tissue; important as energy reserve)
30
Q

Structure of Flat Bone

A
Resembles a sandwich of spongy
bone between two layers of compact
bone
• Within the cranium, the layer of
spongy bone between the compact
bone is called the diploë
• No large medullary cavity as in long
bone
31
Q

The skeleton is classified into

A

The axial skeleton

The appendicular skeleton

32
Q

The Axial Skeleton

A
Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
• Has 80 bones
• Consist of:
• The skull & bones associated with
the skull
• The vertebral column
• The thoracic cage
33
Q

Functions of the Axial Skeleton

A

– Supports and protects organs in body cavities

  1. Attaches to muscles of head, neck, and trunk
  2. Performs respiratory movements
  3. Stabilizes parts of appendicular skeleton
34
Q

The Appendicular Skeleton

A

126 bones
– Includes all bones besides axial skeleton
• The limbs (upper and lower)
• The supportive girdles (pectoral and pelvic)
– Function:
• Allows us to move and manipulate objects