appendicular skeleton

Question 1

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 1

shoulder girdle
Connects upper limb to the axial
 skeleton
Positions the shoulder joint
Provides a base for arm movement
• Consists of:
– Two clavicles (collarbones)
– Two scapulae (shoulder blades)

Question 2

Clavicle

Answer 2

Classification: Long, S-shaped bone
– Consists of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone
• The bone lies horizontally

Question 3

Clavicle (features)

Answer 3

Has a shaft and two
ends:
Has 2 borders:
Has 2 surfaces:
Sternal end (medial end)
Acromial (lateral end)

Question 4

Sternal end (clavicle)

Answer 4

Articulates with sternum medially (only direct connection
between pectoral girdle and axial skeleton)
medial end

Question 5

Acromial (clavicle)

Answer 5

Articulates with the acromion of the scapulae laterally

lateral end

Question 6

Shaft (clavicle)

Answer 6

medial 2/3 of the shaft are convex anteriorly and

lateral 1/3 is flattened and concave anteriorly

Question 7

Scapula

Answer 7

Flat bones (triangular)
Has 2 Surfaces:
• Has 3 Borders (sides):
• Has 3 Angles (corners)
Has 3 Processes:

Question 8

psterior surface (scapula)

Answer 8

Divided into 2 regions:
• Supraspinous fossa
(above the spine)
• Infraspinous fossa
(beneath the spine)

Question 9

lateral angle (scapula)

Answer 9

Has shallow, concave, oval
depression (fossa) – glenoid
cavity
• At the glenoid cavity the scapula
articulates with the humerus’
head at the shoulder joint

Question 10

The Upper Limb

Answer 10

Skeleton of the upper limb consists of:

– Bones of the arm, forearm, wrist (carpus), and hand

Question 11

the upper limb:

Arm (brachium)

Answer 11

proximal part of upper limb (from shoulder
to elbow)
• Contains only 1 bone, the humerus

Question 12

the upper limb:

Forearm

Answer 12

(antebrachium) = distal part of upper limb (from
elbow to wrist)
• Contains ulna and radius

Question 13

the upper limb:

what makes up theWrist and hand

Answer 13

(hand = distal to forearm)
• Carpal bones
• Metacarpals (palm) and phalanges (fingers)

Question 14

Arm bone: Humerus

Answer 14

Long bone
• Extends from scapula to elbow
• Longest & largest bone of the
upper limb
• Main parts:
• Head
• Shaft
• Condyle

Question 15

Humerus:

proximal end features

Answer 15

Round head (articulates with scapula)
• Greater tubercle
• Lesser tubercle
– Separated from greater tubercle by
 the intertubercular groove/sulcus
• Anatomical neck
• Surgical neck

Question 16

humerus:

the shaft features

Answer 16

• Deltoid tuberosity
• Attaches deltoid
muscle
• Radial groove
• Depression
marking the path
of the radial
nerve

Question 17

humerus:

distal end features

Answer 17

Shaft widens and end in
medial and lateral
epicondyles
• Condyle: 2 articular regions
• Trochlea – medial
• Articulates with
trochlear notch of
ulna
• Capitulum – lateral
• Articulates with head
of the radius

Question 18

parts of condyle (humerus)

Answer 18

Radial fossa (anteriorly)
• Coronoid fossa (anteriorly)
• Olecranon fossa (posteriorly)

Question 19

what Movements occur at the elbow joint:

Answer 19

flexion and extension

Question 20

what does The Forearm

Consists of

Answer 20

Consists of two long bones:
Ulna (medial, longer)
Radius (lateral, shorter)

Question 21

ulna

Answer 21

Proximal end
• 2 processes:
• Trochlear notch (‘jaws’)
• Radial notch
•Articulates with head of radius to
form proximal radio-ulnar joint