Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology of Death and Dying > Human Sexual Behaviour > Flashcards

Human Sexual Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What are norms, social norms, and sexual norms

A

norms: standards of conduct in society
social norms: standards of social conduct
sexual norms: standards of sexual conduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are sexual scripts?

A

They are social learned sequences of behaviour/reasons that lead up to/are part of sexual events
“idealizing sexual scripts that do not include safe sex can be dangerous”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do history, religion, and culture have in common when it comes to sex?

A

There is always some attempt at controlling sexuality and sexual behaviour through these factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a possible reasons that sexual norms have changed in the past few decades?

A

The creation of birth control in the 60s, which allowed for greater pursuit of sexual pleasure without the fear of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were some major differences between Canadian settlers and the Aboriginal people?

A

Their family structure
They were matrilineal
They had 3 or 4 genders, two-spirited people who have both masculine and feminine spirits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did Canadian settlers destroy Aboriginal culture?

A

The fur trade
Forcing them to convert to Christianity
Putting them in residential schools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are three ways in which media influences people?

A

Cultivation
Agenda-setting
Social learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sexual health and what must be done for sexual health to be attained?

A

Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality.
To be attained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected, and fulfilled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Classical Conditioning? What is an example of this?

A

Process where unconditioned stimulus is paired with conditioned stimulus repeatedly until a conditioned response occurs.
Pairing touching genitals and R&B music together which causes sexual arousal to occur right when you hear R&B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Operant Conditioning? What is an example of this?

A

Individual’s behaviour is modified based on whether the behaviour is rewarded or punished.
condom leads to orgasm operant increases
penetrative sex hurts operant decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the parts and phases of Psychodynamic Theory?

A

id, ego, superego

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Social Learning Theory?

A

Observational learning and imitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Social Exchange Theory?

A

That interpersonal relationships operate on cost/losses and rewards/gains systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are cognitive theories?

A

They understand human behaviour by focusing on thought processes
For example how anxiety and distress effect erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Genetic theory?

A

It explains how genetics play a large part in regulating hormone production, reproductive cycles, ovulation, ejaculation, conception, and pregnancy
For example, erectile dysfunction can be caused due to genetic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Sociobiological Theory?

A

It involves the application of evolutionary theories to understand emotional and psychological processes
Birds have coloured feathers to attract mates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Sexual Strategies Theory?

A

Human mating behaviours are strategies that have evolved to solve mating problems faced by ancestors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Discuss the differences between males and females in regards to Sexual Strategies Theory.

A

Males invest different amounts of time and energy in reproducing as they have many attempts to reproduce so they can decide how much they will attempt and how much they will invest in the offspring.
Females only have a few attempts to reproduce so more investment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Sexual Script Theory? What are the levels that scripts exist in?

A

Based on societal beliefs and values, there are specific scripts that people consider appropriate for particular situations
Cultural
Intrapsychic
Interpersonal
They exist for who, what, where, when , why, how

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Feminist and Queer Theory

A

you got this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What homologous organs?

A

organs that develop from the same embryonic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are analogous organ?

A

organs that have similar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the exterior parts of the female reproductive system?

A 
mons pubis
clitoris
labia majora
labia minora
urethral opening
vaginal opening
hymen
clitoral hood
bartholin glands
fourchette
perineum
anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the interior parts of the female reproductive system?

A 
vagina
cervix
uterus
ovaries
fallopian tubes
batholin glands
vestibular bulbs
skene's gland
clitoral glans
shaft
crus of clitoris
corpus cavernosum
layers of uterus:
fundus of uterus
infundibulum
fimbriae
broad ligament
ovarian ligament
parts of fallopian tube: isthmus, ampulla
cervical canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the exterior parts of male anatomy?
penis | scrotum
26
What are the interior parts of male anatomy minus inside testes?
``` testes vas deferens seminal vesicles prostate cowper's glans corpus cavernosum corpus spongiosum spematic cord semniferous tubules epididymis (head, body, tail) corona glans spermatic cord ```
27
What are the interior parts of the testes?
``` vas deferens epididymis rete testes septum interstitial cells seminiferous tubule ```
28
What are the structures of the breasts?
``` mammary gland lactiferous duct lactiferous sinus nipple areola cooper's ligaments fat ```
29
mons pubis
you know
30
clitoris
especially sensitive organ
31
glans
seen under clitoral hood when retracted | small knob of tissue
32
corpus cavernosum
erectile tissue fill with blood when sexually aroused
33
crus
v-shape part of internal clitoris
34
bartholin glans
inside labia minora might help with lubrication
35
fourchette
bottom of vaginal opening
36
perineum
area between vulva and anus
37
vestibular bulb
interior bulbs of clit-either side of vaginal opening | fill with blood during sexual arousal
38
what are the layers of the vagina?
vaginal mucosa muscular middle layer fibrous tissue
39
skene's gland
front wall of vagina, lower end of urethra ducts empty into urethra contribute to g-spot sensitivity
40
What are the layers of the uterus?
1) endometrium: outermost layer, hormone secreting glands and blood vessels, sheds during menturation 2) myometrium: muscular, allows stretching for fetus 3) permetrium: thin smooth membrane
41
ovaries
produces estrogen and progestins | produces eggs/ova
42
spematic cord
suspends each teste
43
seminiferous tubules
within testes, long, thing, coiled tubes | involved in sperm production
44
epididymis
c-shaped, narrow coiled tube structure covering part of each testes, head, body, and tail
45
vas deferens
part of spermatic cord | carries sperm to prostate gland
46
seminal vesicles
tubular glans next to prostate near end of vas deferens | secrete sugary alkaline fluid that makes up 70% of ejaculate
47
prostate
secretes fluid for safe environment for sperm
48
cowper's gland
each side of urethra, secrete pre-cum
49
What is the sexual response cycle?
the sequence of events that occur when a person becomes sexually aroused and engages in sexually stimulating activities
50
Discuss Masters & Johnson
The first systematic, large scale study of human sexual response in the late 1950s. It was innovative because it enabled researchers to be able to MEASURE sexual response through their empirical approach.
51
Masters & Johnson phases of the sexual response cycle
excitement plateau orgasm resolution
52
Vasocongestion
The dilation of blood vessels in a region that causes a lot of blood to flow into it leading to swelling or engorgement. It is responsible for sexual arousal in the genitals.
53
Myotonia
The muscle contraction in genital and non-genital areas during sexual arousal.
54
What does psychophysiological mean as it refers to the SR cycle?
All aspects of the SR cycle interact between higher mental processes and physiological responses. Mental processes or physiological responses can trigger the SR cycle. (sexual fantasy vs touching genitals)
55
What is reflexogenic response?
Aspects of sexual arousal that occur in an automatic "knee-jerk" like manner (brain not involved)
56
What are the 3 cells/organs involved in reflexogenic response?
receptors transmitters effectors
57
receptors
sensory cells and neurones (penis, clit)
58
transmitters
cells that bring signals into spinal cord or brain and interpret/produce the appropriate response
59
effectors
the organs that respond to stimulation (penis)
60
Name and explain 2 types of reflexogenic response in the SR cycle
Erection: the sacral region of the spinal cord sends the response Ejaculation: the lumbar regions of the spinal cord sends the response
61
What is psychogenetic repsonse?
Aspects of sexual arousal that are psychological in origin. The stimuli is processed by a higher level brain centre. These responses can enhance or interfere with refexogenic response.
62
How is the parasympathetic nervous system involved in the SR cycle?
It has to do with relaxation so it causes vasocongestion which leads to responses like erection
63
How is the sympathetic nervous system involved in the SR cycle?
It has to do with activation so it causes myotonia which leads to responses like ejaculation
64
Males-Excitement
smooth muscles around penis relax allowing for vasocongetion skin of scrotum tenses and thickens causing testes elevate corpus cavernosa fill with blood become firm corpus spongiosum fill with blood but are not as firm nipple erection heart rate and blood pressure increase
65
Female-Excitement
capillaries in vaginal wall dilate causing lubrication due to vasocongestion glans, crura, vestibular walls of clit swell labia majora separate labia minora swell and darken uterus and cervix elevate to allow vagina walls to expand to prepare for penis
66
Male-Plateau
everything in excitement phase continues glans penis deepen in colour testes increase in size and come close to the body preparing for ejaculation due to myotonia prostate enlarges cowper's gland releases pre-cum heart rate and blood pressure continues to increase
67
Female-Plateau
everything in excitement phase continues clit retracts because it's getting very sensitive uterus, cervix, vaginal canal form orgasmic platform (swelling and tightening) breasts enlarge, nipples retract
68
Male-Orgasm
occurs in 2 stage 1) omission men start to feel like they will cum testicles, vas deferens, seminal vesicles all contract which allows for semen to move through them prostate contracts and adds fluis to semes internal sphincter and bladder contracts anal sphincter contracts 2) expulsion urethral penile contracts shoot ejaculate out Obviously spike in pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate
69
Female-Orgasm
Uterus, orgasmic platform, anal sphincter, and other muscles in body contract The sensation usually starts in the clit then spreads to pelvis then throughout the body Obviously spike in pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate
70
At what interval do orgasmic contractions occur?
0.8 second intervals for males and females
71
Male-Resolution
Literally just the opposite of everything Enter refractor period which coincides with EJACULATION not orgasm Will always happen even if no orgasm
72
Female-Resolution
Literally just the opposite of everything No refractory period so more chance of multiple orgasm Takes 15 min if you orgasm or an hour if you don't
73
What are some critiques of Masters & Johnson's model?
It doesn't capture how everyone orgasms; men could have multiple orgasms and they do not have to ejaculate to orgasm It describes individually separate and discrete stages but the SR cycle is not so linear Focuses on orgasm as the end-point goal Only represents normal functioning No recognition of context
74
What happens to sexual response when one gets older?
Resolution is faster and the degree of vasocongestion decreases
75
What was Kaplan's main critique of Master's and Johnson's model?
It did not include DESIRE which is the psychological process that doesn't involve genitals and that plays a main role in sexual response
76
Three stages of Kaplan's model
Desire: psychological doesn’t involve genitals​ Excitement: similar but focuses on connection to parasympathetic nervous system ​ Orgasm: controlled by sympathetic acknowledges interruptions in the phases and is not linear
77
Bason's model
It's the circle Can start anywhere People may engage in sexual activity for non-sexual or sexually neutral reason like to feel emotionally closer to their partner
78
What are hormones?
Chemicals made and secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream that effect organs of the body
79
what are the main structures of the endocrine system in sex hormone regulation?
Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Gonads Adrenal Glands
80
What does the hypothalamus do?
It connects the nervous system and endocrine system through the pituitary gland. It releases GnRH which activates the hormonal production of the pituitary gland The 4 F's
81
What does the Pituitary Gland do?
It is the master gland Releases FSH: stimulates growth of ovarian follicles or sperm production Releases LH: stimulates production of estrogen or testosterone Releases Oxytocin: affects boding, beast feeding, orgasm, etc Releases Vasopressin: increases blood flow to areas, connected to rewards system Releases Prolactin: associated with reproductive processes, production of milk
82
What do the gonads do?
``` Releases Estrogen and Progesterone from ovaries OR Releases androgens (Testosterone) from testes ```
83
What does organizing mean as it refers to hormones?
Whenever the presence of a hormone is making a fairly permanent change
84
What is happening at around the 7th week of embryo development?
The embryo is undifferentiated and has the potential to develop into either a male or female fetus. The embryo has both Mullerian and Wollffian ducts. The genital tubercle is present which causes genital swelling The urethral folds are also present which either turn into the labia minora or the shaft of the penis
85
Which gene determines the type of gonad-differentiating genes that will be expressed and where is it usually found?
The SRY gene, it is found on the Y chromosome
86
What happens if SRY is present?
It will activate the TDF and the indifferent gonads will develop into testes The testes will then secrete testosterone which supports the Wolffian ducts to grow and Anti-Mullerian hormone which causes the Mullerian ducts to degenerate
87
What happens is SRY is NOT present?
The default process will activate Ovary-Determining Genes causing the indifferent gonads to develop into ovaries The Wolffian duct degenerate The ovaries will secrete Mullerian-Inhibiting Substance that causes the Mullerian ducts to deelp into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of vagina
88
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
1) follicular 2) ovulation 3) luteal 4) menstruation
89
What triggers the shift in menstrual cycle phases?
Fluctuations in FSH, LH, Estrogen
90
What is Dysmennorrhea and what is it caused by?
It painful menstruation caused by hormones called prostaglandins that cause smooth muscles to retract in the uterus
91
What are the phases of sexual differentiation?
1) prenatal 2) puberty 3) older adulthood
92
What is perimenopause?
the years prior to menopause where hormonal levels are fluctuating/declining and women's bodies are becoming reproductively incapable
93
What is Andropause?
The gradual decrease in androgen and sperm production in men over time

Psychology of Death and Dying (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions