death and dying final Flashcards
three types of environmental encounters, what do they challenge?
1) accidents
2) diasters
3) violence
caution secures safety
accidents
viewed as chance of fate varying degrees of control awareness of causes accident-prone natural and unnatural factors
diasters
4% of total world deaths
result of growing pop and industrialization (bophal gas leak)
usually warning but sometimes not for political reasons and greed
postvention=aftermath help given
violence
public health problem, not criminal justice problem
consequences spiral down to effect communities
random violence most threatening
feelings of safety with connectedness are diminishing
justice system seems arbitrary
femicide
criteria for sentence of death penalty
1) meets criteria for first degree murder
2) considered an adult in the jurisdiction
3) found fit to stand trial (know what’s going on, know the consequences
4) found to be criminally responsible (understand conduct at the time the crime was committed)
5) charged and convicted in an adult court (2005 US)
factors that favour violence
1) separates killer from the victim
2) permits killer to define murder as something else
3) fosters perceiving ppl as objects or less than human
4) permits one to escape responsibility by blaming someone else
5) encourages seeing oneself as debased or worthless
6) forces a hasty decision or that doesn’t permit cooling off
7) encourages a person to feel above or outside of the law
factors that prevent violent behaviour
1) no prejudicial or derogatory labels
2) eliminate conditions that underlie dehumanizing perceptions
3) communication and contact between potential adversaries
4) no physical punishment
5) champion good guys
6) you are responsible for your behaviour
7) human resources that can provide alternative to violence
8) no attractiveness of violence in the mass media
war
killing acceptable and heroic, protecting a way of life
new rules
propaganda and hate training dehumanize enemy
heroism and patriotism first, only keep fighting to survive once there
includes families in toll
technological alienation (hiroshima)
effects of war
psychic numbing
PTSD
combat brain injuries
terrorism
unlawful use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims especially against citizens
maybe remember attacks
dying person bill of rights
come on you got this
living wills
state wishes for end of life medical care in case cant communicate
POA
legal doc where you name a specific person to act on your behalf
wills
formal=must meet certain requirements, written, signed, 2 witnesses
informal=written on anything just need to be in own handwriting and signed
executor of estate=you know
organ donation process (7)
1) identification
2) declaration of brainstem death
3) consent
4) donor maintenance
5) allocation
6) procedure
7) follow-up
identification contraindications
1) cancer from the neck down
2) sepsis
3) transmittable infections (HIV)
4) disease effecting organ to be donated
5) age
percentage of multiple organ donors refused bc of certain causes of death
41% cancer
37% cerebral bleed
11% anoxia
11% brain tumours
declaration of brainstem death
when person has permanently lost the potential for consciousness and the capacity to breathe on their own
checklist filled out by 2 doctors independent to the transplant team
consecutive EEGs
causes of brainstem death
stroke
head trauma
anoxia
primary brain tumour
test for brainstem death
1) pupils
2) cornea reflex
3) gag reflex
4) motor reflex
5) vestibulo-ocular
6) respiratory centre
consent
family will always be asked and their wishes will be respected over yours
donor maintenance
ensuring that the organs remain viable
allocation
multiple organ retrieval exchange program (MORE)
retrieval
time factor and organ viability
6-10 hrs min
all blood removed from organ or else it will clot
hearts only last 4-6 hrs
follow up
no contact allowed
liason handles sending letters
aassisted suicide
the good death
slippery slope one a society by law, decides something for a certain population theres is always the chance that other members may be forced to be a part of the population
active vs passive
rodriguez and patient m case
rodriquez, 1993, supreme court BC then Canada, found dead in home
quebec court, breathing tube, said yes
arguments against euthanasia
preservation of life
slippery slope
new science
arguments for euthanasia
control and autonomy
suffering
quality vs quantity
bill C-407
2005
bill C-384
2009 first two times done by private members
2010 not passed
hospice 10 principles
1) philosophy not facility
2) relationship with caregiver honest
3) maximize quality of life
4) offers care to patient and family
5) holistic care
6) continuing support to survivors
7) combine skills through team work
8) 24/7
9) support own staff and volunteers
10) can be applied to variety of patient/families
palliative care
active and aggressive treatment unique to dying patient
caring not curing
symptoms not causes
modifies sources of nausea, pain etc
pal care ethical principles
1) individualism
2) autonomy and control
3) relationship w caregiver is honest
4) respect belief system, personality, values
5) care not cure
6) bereavement support
personal reasons for death education
figure out own feelings provides a balance appreciation of own death and others insight into unfinished business professional concerns academically intriguing consensus to value of human life
societal reasons for death education
public policies
institutional adjustments
examination of assumptions and what you want when you die but what you know you wont necessarily get
underlying principles of war
political awareness is academically intriguing
quality of life and right to die
understand other cultures
death education research
process of mourning: observational, anecdotally
physiological processes: cancer kills most ppl have we cure cancer?
expressions of grief: creativity helps grieving process
attitudes to death: can be changed overtime and observation (hope and heart surgeries)
death anxiety: defined, measurement, implications
societal communal death: horrendous death
