Human Security

Question 1

Define freedom from want and freedom from fear

Answer 1

Freedom from want: basic needs like food, shelter, development [beyond violence to emphasize social and economic development]
Freedom from fear: identity needs and personal safety

Question 2

Three reasons why dysfunctional institutions occur

Answer 2

1. Corruption (rent-seeking, bribery, nepotism, patronage)
2. Economic hardship and poverty causing underfunding
3. Political Interference

Question 3

Which Areas are vulnerable to dysfunctional Institutions

Answer 3

1. Constitutions
2. Police
3. Military
4. Surveillance

Question 4

Name three types of organizations that help in escaping human insecurity and rights abuses

Answer 4

1. Social movements
   - influence policymakers
   - strength in numbers
2. NGOs
   - can bypass governments - connect with the affected
   - can be critical of governments
3. Companies (the private sector)
   - easier to work with countries that aren’t corrupted, politically instable, or have dysfunctional economies

Question 5

Three reasons why international humans laws are often advocated but not enforced by governments

Answer 5

1. Reputation
2. Too weak in capital to enforce but sign anyway not to expose this
3. Intent to develop and implement future laws

Question 6

Perspective on Rights: realism, liberalism, constructivism

Answer 6

1. Realism: expect nothing more than what government offers; states promote rights for own leverage; rights are domain of states
2. Liberalism: individual autonomy at centre; state has responsibility
3. Constructivism: rights are a normative social concept which governments comply with not to risk diplomatic backlash

Question 7

Types of Rights (generations)

Answer 7

1. First generation rights: when state does not commit violation against individual
2. Second generation rights: rights gained by state doing something for you
3. Third generation rights: rights associated with claims and culture; broadly defined