Human rights - responses Flashcards
1
Q
HR responses by international tribunals
A
International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia
- established in 1993 by the Security Council
- tried Slobodan Milosevic, in 2002 who was accused of 2 counts of genocide, 10 counts of gross abuses of human rights, commited while in Bosnia, Serbia, Kosovo when he was President of Yugoslavia, he died in 2006 unconvicted
- first to invoke Geneva Convention
Special court for Sierra-Leone
- established in 2002
- sentences Charles Taylor, president of Liberia (1997-2003) to 50 years for 11 counts of aiding and abetting war crimes and crimes against humanity (such as rape, forced amputation and child slavery) to gain control of the diamond trade
Criticisms of tribunals
- large cost, in 2000 cost over 10% of UN budget
- take a long time, in 2003 the SC called upon ICTY to halt all operations by 2012 or be handed over to national tribunals
2
Q
HR responses by NGOs
A
Amnesty International
- has 3 million members and operations in 80 countries
- was the first to bring attention to and condemn April 2011 violence in Nigerian elections in which over 100 died
Freedom House
- expansion of freedom
- published yearly comparative survey of freedom
3
Q
HR responses by states
A
National tribunals:
Augusto Pinochet
- dictator of Chile from 1973-1990
- in 1998 Spain wanted to extradite him from UK
- 2000 British government agreed to extradition
1789 Alien Torts Act
- charge leaders and diplomats
- in 2000 ordered Bosnian-Serb Radvan Kardric to pay $256 million in compensation and $480 million in damages for war crimes
