Human Rights case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is India ranked in the UN’s Gender Inequality Index

A

India is ranked 135th of 187 countries in UN’s Gender Inequality Index

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2
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Violence against women

A

52% of Indian women think it is justifiable for a man to beat his wife.
Domestic violence is also tolerated by local communities + often by the state.
Dowry killings are still common, as well as rape + violence outside home, like assault on public transport.
This is due to the very patriarchal Indian society

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3
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Employment opportunity

A

Women are traditionally expected to remain at home to raise children/do chores or work in subsistence farming. Even women w tertiary education may struggle to fight social norms of early marriage + motherhood, in order to get job

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4
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Workplace discrimination

A

Maternity benefits are denied by many employers + most women don’t return to work after childbirth (only 25% do in Delhi)

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5
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Modern Slavery

A

Around 14.3 million people, mostly women + girls, were subject to modern slavery in 2014). Especially includes sex trafficking + forced marriage or labour.

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6
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Property ownership

A

Women have very few land + property ownership rights + any inheritance is passed to a male.

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7
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Healthcare access

A

Many households = no access to gov. healthcare services (only 2/3 do in Northern province of Bihar). Discrimination against women in receiving healthcare = closely related to social norms of women having little influence over own life choices.

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8
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Education access

A

70% of girls attend primary school, but this figure drops significantly at secondary level. Family/community opposition, the need to work to prevent poverty + cultural beliefs prevent girls being educated

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9
Q

(Gender Inequality Issues in India) Political participation

A

Lack of women in gov. positions on every scale. Only 11% of those in India’s parliament = women.

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10
Q

What are the consequences of gender inequality in marriage (India)?

A
  • Women killed or disfigured if family cannot meet dowry demands by future husband. In 2014, 8,455 dowry-related deaths
  • Women subject to ‘honour killings’ is refuse to go along w arranged marriage
  • Marriage often used by men to obtain property + land from woman + their family
  • Once married, many women subject to life of domestic violence, servitude + harassment
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11
Q

What are the consequences of gender inequality in children (India)?

A
  • Often sex-selective abortions due to patriarchal society + desire for male offspring, meaning girls aborted = distort gender balance in India
  • Poverty + poor healthcare = high maternal mortality rate (174 deaths/100,000) as well as infant mortality rate of 43.2%/1,000 live births
  • Many women often tricked or coerced into sterilisation schemes - can end in permanent disfigurement or death
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12
Q

What is being done in India on a national level to tackle the gender inequality issues?

A
  • Laws passed eg The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (2006), The Dowry Prohibition Act (2008), The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence (2005)
  • The Indian Gov. has joined CEDAW (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women)
  • Gov. has ratified many human rights treaties, meaning have become national law
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