Afghanistan - Human Rights case study (MOCK) Flashcards

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1
Q

Afghanistan location and background

A

Country located in Southwest Asia. Poor and development has been held back by long period of political instability.

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2
Q

Population of Afghanistan

A

34.1 million

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3
Q

Percentage of people living in absolute poverty

A

65%

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4
Q

Afghanistan’s HDI

A

0.479 (169th)

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5
Q

How has the period of renewed insurgency led to further decline in respect to human rights?

A
  • Increased number of casualties
  • Domestic violence towards women + continued/rising employment, health and education inequality
  • Disruption of democracy in 2014 Presidential election
  • Attacks on journalists, domestic + foreign, denying freedom of expression
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6
Q

Taliban control

A

The Taliban were in control of 90% of the country before 2001. Resurgence of the Taliban has led to continued human rights violations.

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7
Q

How is the UN governing human rights in Afghanistan?

A

The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UAMA) was established by the Security Council in 2002. Their aims are:

  • To promote respect for international humanitarian and human rights laws
  • To implement the freedoms and human rights provisions in the Afghan constitution
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8
Q

How is the Afghan government governing human rights?

A
  • Has passed laws intending to help improve democratic process in the country, as well as creating a law to eliminate violence towards women in 2009
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9
Q

How are NGOs governing human rights?

A

Eg. Afghan Aid - primarily involved in rural development strategies.

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10
Q

What are the general positive impacts of global governance of human rights in Afghan communities?

A
  • Nearly 6 million children were attending school in 2014, up from 1 million in 2001, with 40% being girls.
  • Access to primary healthcare has increased from 9% in 2003 to over 50% in 2014 + average life expectancy has increased by 6 years since 2000
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11
Q

Rural Projects - Chaghcharan district, Ghor background and problems

A
  • Ghor is one of the most geographically inhospitable provinces in Afghanistan
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12
Q

Rural Projects - Chaghcharan district, Ghor - promoting human rights

A

EU funding and Afghan Aid training have introduced more effective agricultural practices, reduced risk of disease by securing safe water supplies and improved hygiene.

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13
Q

Urban Projects - Kabul, Afghanistan’s Capital City background and problems

A

Denial of human rights + rapid urban population growth in Kabul (due to economic and political rural-urban migration) has deprived local communities of many services and basic rights.

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14
Q

Urban Projects - Kabul, Afghanistan’s Capital City promoting human rights

A
  • UN attempting to coordinate Afghan government, local governments, community councils and funding from the Japanese government to upgrade neighbourhoods in the 33 provincial capitals + Kabul
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15
Q

UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

A

The UN’s 8 MDGs were set in 2000 and all members of the UN committed to help attempt to achieve these goals by 2015.

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16
Q

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A

The UN’s 17 global SDGs were set in 2015, after the ‘expiry’ of the MDGs. They are aims for 2030 and so are known collectively as ‘Agenda 2030’.

17
Q

Short-Term benefits of global governance of human rights

A
  • Medical assistance and provisions of medicines (NGOs like Medicins Sans Frontieres)
  • Provisions of shelter, sanitation, food and water (NGOs like Oxfam, Save the Children)
  • Military protection preventing further casualties and providing protected areas to live and safety for aid workers (UN peacekeeping)
18
Q

Military intervention negatives

A
  • Damage to property and infrastructure
  • Population displacement
  • Further disrespect for human rights
  • Civilian casualties
  • Disruption for education
  • Tensions can be fuelled over aid and conflict prolonged into longer term
19
Q

Longer-term benefits for development of global governance of human rights

A
  • Improvement in health and life expectancy including IMR and MMR
  • Education equality, increased enrolment for girls and boys
  • Freedom from abuse of women and children
  • Democratic elections, democratic government and political stability
  • Employment opportunities and reduction of poverty