Human rights and state crime Flashcards
According to McLaughlin, what are the 4 types of state crime?
- Crimes by security and police forces (institutional crime).
- Economic crimes (funding organised crime)
- Social and cultural crimes (institutional racism).
- Practical crimes (corruption).
Define natural rights
Rights by just existing (free speech).
Define civil rights.
Right to privacy, free trial, vote.
Define transgressive criminology.
Defining what crimes cause harm rather than braking the law.
How does state crime go against human rights?
States practice racism, sexism, economic exploitation this is a crime which goes against everyone’s human rights.
How does Cohen critique state crimes affecting human rights?
human rights violations (war) are obvious, economic exploitation isn’t illegal but morally wrong.
According to Cohen, how do states deny their human rights crimes?
Cohen- depending on type of state, govs utilise different methods to legitimise and conceal human rights crimes.
E.g. dictatorships deny abuses. Democratic states use more complex ways to justify abuse.
What are the 3 steps of spiral of denial according to Cohen?
Denial of violation despite proof.
State explains it as everything happens for a reason.
‘If it is what you say it is, it is justified’.
What re the 5 neutralisation techniques Sykes and matza say that delinquents/ govs use to justify behvaiour when attempting to justify human rights violations.
- Denial of victim-
- Denial of injury-
- Denial of responsibility-
- Condemning condemners-
- Appeal to higher loyalty-
What do Kelman and Hamilton say the 3 features that produce crimes of obedience are?
Authorization- acts approved by form of authority (Milgram’s study of obedience).
Routinisation- if it’s a routine pp can commit in a detached manor.
Dehumanisation- when enemy portrayed as sub-human than human (monsters, animals etc).
Give an example of an event in history which demonstrates a disregard for human rights?
Guantanamo Bay.
