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Geography > Human Rights > Flashcards

Human Rights Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Rights

A

the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to. Applicable at all times and in all places. Protect everyone equally without discrimination.

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2
Q

Where does the understanding and knowledge of HR come from?

A

Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was adopted by the UN general Assembly in 1948

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3
Q

Example of human rights declaration

A

Article 2 - right to life

Article 4 - freedom from slavery and forced labor

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4
Q

how has trans-national integration and increased mobility led to contradictory impacts upon HR

A
  • Positive = enhanced ability of civil society to work across borders and promote HR
  • Negative = enabled some companies to gain power and perpetrate violations
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5
Q

Intervention

A

includes the use of military action by a state or group of states in foreign territory to end gross violation of human rights. Called humanitarian intervention when it is done with humanitarian objectives.

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6
Q

Benefits of intervention

A
  • Effective in immediately stopping violation of HR
  • Helps local communities
  • improves socioeconomic development
  • helps political stability
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7
Q

Issues of Intervention

A
  • can actually increase the violation of human rights
    loss of homes = increases population displacement
    loss of life
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8
Q

Role of UN in intervention and protection of HR

A
  • UN security Council is the only large body that can legally authorize use of military intervention
  • Human rights workers will go into an area and promote and protect human rights, monitor situations and empower local people
  • coordinates input from other organizations like NATO and OXFAM
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9
Q

Human Rights Norms

A
  • Represent the ways of living which have been inculcated into a country’s culture over a long period of time
  • Forms the basis of human rights
  • UDHR was based off of norms and customs drawn from different cultures
  • statements set out by UDHR are international human rights norms
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10
Q

Geopolitcs

A

global balance of politics and international relations

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11
Q

Gender inequality

A
  • existence of unequal opportunities for people purely based on their gender
  • where men and women don’t enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society
  • closely linked to lack of womens rights
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12
Q

Global distribution of gender inequality

A
  • large difference along the equator = African countries
  • little gender inequality in Scandinavian countries
  • Anomalies = Philippines
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13
Q

Causes of gender inequality - Access to education

A

Factors affecting girls access to education =
- costs may prohibit all children from a family to attend school
- lack of sanitation products
- household duties may fall on girls
- early pregnancy/marriage
UN has started Girls Education Initiative
Part of MDG

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14
Q

Causes of gender inequality - Access to reproductive healthcare

A

Factors affecting access =

  • STD’s
  • harmful practices - fgm
  • sexual violence
  • early marriage/pregnancy
  • forced sterilization
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15
Q

Causes of gender inequality - Employment opportunities

A
  • right of men and women to have equal access to employment opportunities
    Factors affecting spatial variation = n
  • level of gov. support for childcare
  • cultural beliefs and religious practices
    social acceptance of women as income providers
  • level of discrimination
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16
Q

Strategies for global governance of HR

A
  1. attempts to change and modernist norms
  2. Role of UN peacekeeping missions in protecting and promoting HR
  3. work of NGOs, private organizations and human rights activists
17
Q

How does violation of HR cause conflict?

A
  1. denial of HR including food, housing and limited education access
  2. discrimination and denial of freedom in an undemocratic society
  3. genocide and torture
18
Q

How does conflict lead to violation of HR

A
  1. exploitation of women
  2. increased mortality rate
  3. damages to homes and infrastructure
19
Q

Role of flows in governing HR

A
  • exchange of ideas and information at the planning stage and during operation is jey to an effective intervention
20
Q

Role of OHCHR in governance

A

provides education and training for civilian law enforcement

21
Q

Role of NGOs in governance

A

E.G. Amnesty international publish info on the human rights abuses in each country to raise awareness

22
Q

Role of technology in governance

A

social media is used to help flow of ideas - wide use of ICT e.g. remote sensing for surveillance

23
Q

UN role in HR promotion

A
  • intergovernmental organization with 193 member states that have to accept UN charter
  • main aim to reaffirm faith in the fundamental HR
  • office of high commission for human rights is the main governing body
  • security council deals with grave HR violation often in conflict zones
24
Q

NGOs role in HR promotion

A
  • part of civil society
  • work on the ground includes:
    • monitoring and providing early warning for violence
    • distribution of medical supplies
    • modification of social norms using education
25
Q

Treaties and Law role in HR promotion

A
  • Treaty = formal written agreement by a group of states that is binding in national and international law
  • often drawn up by the UN or regional organization
    NGOs often to work and then strengthen and reinforce laws through education

Geography (3 decks)

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