Human rights Flashcards
define human rights
the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled
What should human rights do and where did they originate
Protect all individuals, at all times and in all places
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the UN in 1948
Violations on human rights occur in a range of scales and locations
Globalisation and development have affected human rights
What are human rights norms and how are they protected?
the foundation of human rights - 30 statements in the UDHR that are accepted. They are protected by law and the signing of international treaties or conventions.
What is humanitarian intervention?
intervention by a state or group of states in a foreign territory may be used to end human rights violations.
What are some examples of humanitarian intervention?
The UN security council is the only body that can authorise the use of force
There are costs and benefits to this - may cause stability or more injustice
UN involvement may include peacekeeping and coordinations of organisations
Interventions can also take the form of economic sanctions and prosecuting individuals responsible
Define geopolitics
global political power and international relations
What factors affect geopolitical power?
Often closely linked with economic power
IMF - powerfuls ACs, increasingly influential EDCs and peripheral LIDCs
Organisations such as the UN exert geopolitical influence
Multinational corporations (MNCs) hav power and influence
Governments and organisations can differ on how they interpret norms which makes intervention more difficult
What does UDHR Article 3 say?
the right to ‘life, liberty and security’
What is forced labour and where is it most prevalent?
People coerced to work through the use of violence, intimidation or by subtle means such as paper retention
45.8 million worldwide
North Korea loans slaves and keeps wages - $2.3 bn
China 70,000 children in sex slavery
What factors affect forced labour?
Economic - poverty, lack of opportunities, low pay, farming - causes migration
Social - gender inequality, age, bonded labour, organised crime, trafficking
Political - instability, conflict, corruption, loss of law, state sponsorship
Environmental - climate disasters, hazards
What intervention is there for forced labour?
Antislavery petitions
Some legislation e.g. India
Free the Slaves
GLAA expanded
What is MMR and where is it most prevalent?
The death of women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
2013 289,000 died
Developing world is most affected e.g. Chad 980/100,000 births
Afghanistan 1 dead every 27 mins, now every hour
What factors influence MMR?
Health and access to healthcare - development needed
Rights (education, abortion)
Malnutrition
Access to care (midwives - central Africa <1.15/1000, WHO minimum 5/2000)
Population distribution and infrastructure
Poverty
Cultural discrimination
What intervention is there to reduce MMR?
Christian Aid 5 year transport project, 31 people in 26 locations in Kenya using motorbikes (people earn a living) to transport women, 100,000 helped, education, fresh water, HIV awareness
CEDAW - article 12 - ‘all measures to eliminate discrimination against women in healthcare’
US Aid (MCSP) provides workers to train locals as midwives and to spread medication. Clinics have treated 137,000 kids since 2017
What did BAO endure?
‘blood cannabis’
UK cannabis farms - people trafficked from Vietnam (96%) kids (81%)
Locked in flat for 2 months, dangerous conditions, prison sentences if caught
Starvation threats, fear, violence
